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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The majority of upper respiratory infections are caused by what?
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Viruses
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Most common bacteria that causes pneumonia?
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Streptococcus pneumonia
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People with AIDS are susceptible to what type of pneumonia?
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Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonias.
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Pneumonia caused by aerosols of standing water or air conditioning units?
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Legionella pneumonia
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Those who have experienced excessive vomiting or have had a near drowning experience are at risk of what type of pneumonia?
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Aspiration pneumonia (aspirated material itself rather than a microorganism can cause pneumonia)
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What are the common agents of broncopneumonia?
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- Streptococci (esp lobal pneumonia)
- Haemophilus influenza - Pseudomonas aerginosa - Coliform bacteria (Enterobacteriae) |
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Describe the four stages of the inflammatory response to lobar pneumonia.
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1. Congestion: Lung is heavy,boggy, and red. vascular engorgement, intra-alveolar fluid + neutrophils, presence of bacteria.
2. Red hepatization: Massive exudation with RBCs, neutrophils, fibrin filling the alveolar spaces. 3. Gray hepatization: Progressive disintegration of RBCs, persistence of fibrino-suppurative exudate, leading to a grayish brown, dry surface. 4. Resolution: Exudate is digested by enzymes and is cleaned up by macrophages. Can undergo organization, causing fibrous thickening or permanent adhesions. |
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Bronchopneumonia: general characteristics.
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- Less diffuse?
- Frequently basalar and bilateral - Poorly delimited at margins - Neutrophil-rich exudate that fills adjacent spaces. |
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Bronchopneumonia: complications.
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1. Tissue destruction --> abscess formation
2. Spread of infection to pleural cavity --> empyema 3. Organization of exudate --> solidfication of lung tissue 4. Bacteremic dissemination to organs, tissues 5. Bronchiectasis. |
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Pathogens most commonly associated with lung abscesses?
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- Aerobic and anaerobic strep
- Staph - Other gram-negatives - Often mixed aerobic/anaerobic due to inhalation of foreign material |
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Pulmonary abscesses are more common in which lung?
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The right lung (more vertical main bronchus).
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c/c abcesses that appear due to aspiration vs. those due to pneumonia or bronchiectasis
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Aspiration: abscesses are on one side
Pneumonia/bronchiectasis: usually multiple, basal, and diffusely scattered. |
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What is another way to think about an "atypical pneumonia"?
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As an interstitial pneumonitis with alveoli FREE of exudate.
Inflammatory reaction within the walls of the alveoli. Alveolar septa are widened and edematous with a monocuclear inflammatory infiltrate. May see some eosinophilic proteinaceous material in the alveoli. |
