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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the Branchial Arch 2 Derivatives?
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Reichert's Cartilage: Stapes, Styloid process, Stylohyoid Ligament, lesser horn of hyoid
Muscles: of facial expression, Stapedius, Stylohyoid, post. belly of Digastric Nerve: CN VII |
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Derivatives of Branchial Arch 3?
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Cartilage: greater horn of hyoid
Muscle: Stylopharyngeus Nerve: IX |
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What happens if the cleft and pouch of 3 persist?
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Congenital Pharyngocutaneous Fistula = between tonsilar area and lateral neck
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Derivatives of Branchial Arches 4-6?
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Cartilage: Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoids, Corniculate, Cuneiform
Muscles (4th): Most pharyngeal constrictors, Cricothyroid, levator veli palatini Muscles (6th): all intrinsic ones of larynx Except Cricothyroid Nerves (4th) CN X (sup. laryngeal branch=swallowing) Nerves (6th): CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch = speaking) |
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1st cleft derivatives?
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External Auditory Meatus
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2nd-4th cleft derivatives?
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Temporary cervical sinuses
Obliterated by prolif of 2nd arch mesenchyme |
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What happens if one of the temporary cervical sinuses doesn't go away?
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Branchial Cleft Cyst w/in lateral neck
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1st pouch derivatives?
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Middle Ear Cavity
Eustachian Tube Mastoid Air Cells contributes to endoderm |
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2nd pouch derivatives?
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Epithelial lining of palantine tonsil
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3rd pouch derivatives?
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Dorsal Wings: inferior parathyroids
Ventral Wings: Thymus These structures end up below 4th pouch structures |
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4th pouch derivatives?
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Superior Parathyroids
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What happens if your 3rd and 4th pouches don't develop correctly?
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DiGeorge Syndrome--->
T-cell def (thymic aplasia) Hypocalcemia (parathyoid agenesis) |
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What different structures give rise to parts of the ear?
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1st Arch (malleus/incus, tensor tympani)
2nd Arch (stapes, stapedius) 1st Cleft: External Auditory Meatus 1st Branchial Membrane: Tympanic Membrane 1st Pouch: Eustachian tube, middle ear cavity, mastoid air cells |
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What gives rise to our tongue?
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1st Branchial Arch: anterior 2/3 (sensation via V3, taste via VII)
3rd and 4th Arches: posterior 1/3 (sensation and taste from IX, with extreme post. from X) Motor Inn. from XII Muscles of tongue from Occipital Myotomes |
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Taste, Pain, and Motor Innervation of the tongue?
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Taste: VII, IX, and X (solitary nucleus)
Pain: V3, IX, X Motor: XII |
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What is a dividing marker between ant 2/3 and post 1/3 of tongue?
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Foramen Cecum
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Thyroid Dev kickers?
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Descends into neck via Thyroglossal duct which connects thyroid to tongue. Duct should disappear and leave behind foramen cecum. If it persists = pyramidal lobe of thyroid
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How does a Cleft Lip happen?
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Failure of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes (formation of primary palate)
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How does a Cleft Palate happen?
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failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes, the nasal septum, and/or the median palatine process (secondary palate)
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What is the Diaphragm derived from?
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1. Septum Transversum--> Central Tendon
2. Pleuroperitoneal Folds 3. Body Wall 4. Dorsal Mesentery of esophagus--> Crura |
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Movement of Diaphragm during dev and significance?
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Descends, but keeps innervation from above.
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Who innervates the Diaphragm?
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C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive
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Who gives rise to the GI Tract?
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Foregut: pharynx to duodenum
Midgut: duodenum to transverse colon Hindgut: Distal transverse to rectum |
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What is the difference between Gastroschisis and Omphalocele?
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Gastroschisis: Failure of lateral body folds to fuse--->extrusion of abdominal contents
Omphalocele = persistence of herniation of abdomical contents into umbilical cord |
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Most common type of Tracheoesophageal fistula?
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Blind upper esophagus
Lower esophagus connected to trachea Presents w/ cyanosis, choking, vomiting w/ feeding, air bubble on CXR, and polyhydramnios |
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Cause, Sx's, Rx, and Prevalence of Congenital Pyloric Stenosis?
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Hypertrophy of pylorus
Palpable "olive" in epigastric region and Nonbilious projectil vomiting at ~2 wks Surgical Incision 1/600 live births, often w/ 1st born male |
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Pancreas Embryology?
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From foregut
Ventral pancreatic bud-->head, uncinate process, and main pancreatic duct Dorsal bud--->everything else (body, tail, isthmus, acc. duct) |
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What is an annular pancreas?
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When ventral bud encircles 2nd part of duodenum-->ring of pancreatic tissue around duodenum possibly leading to duod narrowing
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Spleen embryology?
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From dorsal mesentery (mesoderm) but is supplied by artery of foregut (celiac a)
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5 Main components of Embryonic Kidney?
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Pronephros (week 4, then degenerates)
Mesonephros (kidney for 1st tri-->male genital system) Metanephros: permanent. kidney from glomerulus to DCT Urogenital Sinus--->bladder, urethra, allantois Ureteric Bud: from mesonephros--->collecting duct, calyces, pelvises, and ureter |
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What is Potter's Syndrome?
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Bilateral Renal Agenesis-->oligohydramnios-->limb deformities, facial deformities, lung hypoplasia
Malformed ureteric bud |
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What's up with horseshoe kidneys?
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Inferior poles fuse
As they ascend they get caught on Inf. Mesenteric Artery and thus remain low Fxn normally |
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Default genital dev?
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FEMALE
Mesonephric Duct degenerates and paramesonephric duct develops |
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What needs to happen for a Male to happen?
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SRY gene on Y Chromosome codes for testis-determining factor
Mullerian inhibiting substance is made by testes (sertoli's) and stops paramesonephric duct from dev. Inc Androgens (leydig's)-->dev of mesonephric ducts |
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Who is the Wolffian duct and what does it become?
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That'd be the mesonephric duct
Develops into male internal structures: Seminal Vesicles, Epididymis, Ejaculatory Duct, and Ductus Deferens (not prostate) |
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Who is the Mullerian Duct and what does it become?
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Mullerian = Paramesonephric
Develops into Fallopian Tube, Uterus, and Upper 1/3 of Vagina (lower 2/3 from urogenital sinus) |
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What the crap is a Bircornuate Uterus?
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From incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts--->2 headed uterus
Associated w/ UT abnormalities and infertility |
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4 Embryonic Structures for external male/female genitalia?
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Genital Tubercle
Urogenital Sinus Urogenital Folds Labioscrotal Swelling |
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What do each one of these structures become?
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Genital Tubercle---> Glans penis/glans clitoris, corpus spongiosum/vestibular bulbs
Urogenital Sinus-->Bulbourethral Glands/Greater vestibular glands (bartholin), Prostate Gland/urethral/paraurethral glands Urogenital Folds--->Ventral Shaft (penile urethra)/Labia Minora Labioscrotal Swelling--->Scrotum/Labia Majora |
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What are hypospadias and epispadias?
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Hypo: abnormal ventral urethral opening due to failure of urethral folds to close
Epi: Dorsal blow hole due to faulty positioning of genital tubercle |
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Epispadias association?
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Exstrophy of bladder
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