Bm211 Block A

Front 1

The largest mass of living material on Earth comes from

Back 1

microorganisms

Front 2

In what/which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented?

Back 2

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

Front 3

Out of animals, plants and microbes, which has existed for the longest?

Back 3

microbes

Front 4

viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA–based tree of life because

Back 4

They lack ribosomal RNA.

Front 5

Transparent double–sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called

Back 5

Petri dishes.

Front 6

The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of

Back 6

Louis Pasteur.

Front 7

A Pasteur flask has a(n)

Back 7

swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask.

Front 8

The science of grouping and classifying microorganisms is known as

Back 8

microbial systematics.

Front 9

Some microorganisms can undergo ________ in which various cell types can become specialized and arise from one parent cell type.

Back 9

Some microorganisms can undergo _DIFFERENTIATION in which various cell types can become specialiSed and arise from one parent cell type (E.G. Streptomyces)

Front 10

The process whereby microorganisms are used to help clean up pollution created by human activities is known as

Back 10

bioremediation

Front 11

Microbial cells first evolved on Earth approximately ________ billion years ago

Back 11

3.8 to 3.9 billion years ago

Front 12

Approximately two billion years ago, ________ were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth.

Back 12

Approximately two billion years ago, CYANOBACTERIA were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth.

Front 13

A Diazotroph is an organism that can….

Back 13

Fix Nitrogen

Front 14

An example of a bacterium that can survive high doses of radiation is….

Back 14

Deinococcus radiodurans

Front 15

Rhizobium leguminosarum forms a mutualistic relationship with…..

Back 15

Leguminous plants (root nodules, N fixation)

Front 16

Bdellovibrio spp. gain energy by….

Back 16

predating other bacteria

Front 17

Acromyrmex ants protect their fungal farms with which genus of bacteria?

Back 17

Streptomyces spp.

Front 18

The functional unit of genetic information is the

Back 18

gene

Front 19

How are plasmids different than chromosomes?

Back 19

Plasmids contain genes that are NOT essential for cellular growth and replication.

Front 20

In the process of transcription, promoters are specific sequences of ________ that are recognised by ________.

Back 20

DNA / sigma factors

Front 21

Transfer RNA molecules function to…

Back 21

transfer the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Front 22

In all cells, genes are composed of

Back 22

nucleic acids / DNA

Front 23

How many bases are there in a codon?

Back 23

3 e.g. CAG encodes for the amino acid glutamine

Front 24

The lac operon is an example of ________ control in which the presence of an ________ is required for transcription to occur.

Back 24

The lac operon is an example of NEGATIVE control in which the presence of an INDUCER is required for transcription to occur.

Front 25

The flow of biological information begins with….

Back 25

DNA replication

Front 26

An operon is a useful genetic element, because it…..

Back 26

allows coordinated expression of multiple related genes in prokaryotes

Front 27

Jacob and Monod dwon the Nobel prize for discovering the……

Back 27

Lac operon

Front 28

What enzyme catalyses DNA supercoiling?

Back 28

DNA Gyrase

Front 29

RNA Polymerase is an enzyme complex that catalyses the process of……

Back 29

Transcription

Front 30

Intra species chemical communication in bacteria is called…..

Back 30

Quorum sensing

Front 31

Motile bacteria choose their direction by adjusting the frequency of….

Back 31

Tumbles (when the flagellum flies apart and they stop)

Front 32

The sum of all biosynthetic reactions in a cell is known as

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metabolism

Front 33

All microorganisms require

Back 33

phosphorus, selenium, and sulfur.

Front 34

The Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway is another name for

Back 34

glycolysis

Front 35

The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is

Back 35

2 ATP molecules are generated from fermented glucose

Front 36

From the standpoint of the microorganism, in glycolysis the crucial product is

Back 36

ATP; the fermentation products are waste products

Front 37

In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is

Back 37

oxygen

Front 38

Which intermediate compound(s) in the citric acid cycle is/are often used for biosynthetic pathways as well as carbon catabolism?

Back 38

α–ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, and succinyl–CoA

Front 39

Five–carbon sugars are used in the

Back 39

biosynthesis of DNA and RNA

Front 40

A bacterium running low on NADPH could ________ to generate more of this coenzyme.

Back 40

A bacterium running low on NADPH could USE THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY to generate more of this coenzyme.

Front 41

One example of an electron acceptor that can be used in anaerobic respiration is

Back 41

nitrate (some bacteria can use denitrification)

Front 42

Photoautotrophs grow using….

Back 42

light and carbon dioxide

Front 43

Photoheterotrophs grow using….

Back 43

light and organic carbon

Front 44

Lichens are an association between…..

Back 44

Fungi and cyanobacteria

Front 45

Luminescence produced by which bacterial genus has been seen from space?

Back 45

Vibrio spp.

Front 46

Cyanobacteria are an example of what type of metabolism

Back 46

Photoautotrophy