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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
striatum means __
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putamen
caudate |
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lentiform nucleus means ___
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putamen
globus pallidus |
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structures on axial slice at level of anterior commisure from lateral to medial starting from sylvian fissure through internal capsule
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insula
extreme capsule claustrum external capsule putamen external medullary lamina GPe internal medullary lamina GPi internal capsule |
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___ is medial to anterior limb of internal capsule
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head of caudate
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___ is medial to posterior limb of internal capsule
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thalamus
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___ is located at junction of putamen and caudate, which is located at ___ aspect of putamen
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n. accumbens
antero-ventral |
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head of caudate comprises ___ aspect of ___ component of lateral ventricle
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lateral wall
anterior horn and body |
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tail of caudate is part of ___ aspect of ___ component of lateral ventricle
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roof
temporal horn |
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ventral SN is called ___
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SNr
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SNr cells are similar to those of ___
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GPe
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SNr and GPe are separated by ___
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internal capsule
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thalamus is derived from ___encephalon
STN is derived from ___encephalon |
pros
mes |
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BG are primarily perfused by ___ branches of ___, except for ___ (3)
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lenticulostriate
MCA medial GP caudate head anterior lenticulate nucleus |
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medial GP is perfused by ___
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anterior choroidal a.
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caudate head is perfused by ___
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recurrent a. of Heubner
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anterior lenticulate nucleus is perfused by ___
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recurrent a. of Heubner
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2 outputs from BG
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GPi
SNr |
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GPi handles BG output for ___
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body except head/neck
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SNr handles BG output for ___
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head/neck
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2 glutamatergic inputs to BG
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cortex
thalamic intralaminar nuclei |
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main thalamic inputs to BG are from ___ (2)
they are located in the ___ lamina |
centromedian n,
parafascicular n. internal medullary |
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BG output to thalamus is primarily to ___
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VL pars oralis
VA intralaminar n.s mediodorasl nucleus |
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GABAergic BG neurons are called ___
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inhibitory spiny neurons
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striatal neurons projecting to GPi express ___ (2)
they express D___R |
GABA
substance P 1 |
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striatal neurons projecting to GPe express ___ (2)
they express D___R |
GABA
Enkephalin 2 |
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Cholinergic cells in striatum are called ___
they project primarily to ___ |
aspiny neurons
Enk+ cells (hence anticholinergic use in PD) |
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4 channels processed by BG
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motor
oculomotor prefrontal limbic |
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BG input for motor channel is from ___ (3) and goes to ___
output is at ___ relay is via ___ cortical targets are ___ (3) |
somatosensory cortex
premotor cortex 1' motor cortex putamen GPi and SNr VL and VA SMA premotor 1' motor |
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BG input for oculomotor channel is from ___ (2) and goes to ___
output is at ___ relay is via ___ cortical targets are ___ (2) |
posterior parietal cortex
PFC body of caudate GPi and SNr VA and MD FEFs supplementary eye fields |
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BG input for prefrontal channel is from ___ (2) and goes to ___
posterior parietal cortex PFC output is at ___ relay is via ___ cortical targets are ___ |
head of caudate
GPi and SNr VA and MD PFC |
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BG input for limbic channel is from ___ (3) and goes to ___
output is at ___ (3) relay is via ___ cortical targets are ___ (2) |
temporal cortex
hippocampus amygdala NAcc, ventral caudate, ventral putamen MD and VA anterior cingulate orbital frontal cortex |
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GPi connects to thalamus via ___ (2)
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ansa lenticularis
lenticular fasciculus |
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ansa lenticularis and lenticular fasciculus join to form ___
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thalamic fasciculus
|
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ansa lenticularis runs dorsal/ventral to STN
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ventral
|
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lenticular fasciculus runs dorsal/ventral to STN
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dorsal
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lenticular fasciculus runs ventral to ___
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zona incerta
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zona incerta is inferior aspect of ___
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nRT
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GPe projects to STN via ___
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subthalamic fasciculus
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STN projects to ___ via subthalamic fasciculus
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GPi
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dystonia implies ___
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abnormal position of limb
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4 cerebellar tremors
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intention tremor
rubral tremor titubation palatal tremor |
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rubral tremor has frequency of ___ Hz and amplifies with ___ (2)
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2-4
limb abduction holding posture |
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titubation means ___
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tremor of trunk or head
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essential tremor frequency
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5-8 Hz
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PD tremor frequency
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3-5 Hz
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intention tremor frequency
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2-4 Hz
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Myerson's sign means ___
it is associated with ___ |
blinking not suppressed by repeated tapping on glabella
neurodegenerative dz (e.g. PD) |
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DDx of parkinsonism (10)
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PD
toxicity MSA PSP DLB CBD trinucleotide repeat disorders vascular parkinsonism Wilson's dz |
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3 forms of toxicity causing parkinsonism
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medication-induced
MPTP CO |
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3 kinds of MSA
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Shy-Drager
striatonigral degeneration olivopontocerebellar atrophy |
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___ is clinical hallmark of MSA
this is caused by ___ |
poor response to L-Dopa
loss of striatal neurons downstream of SN |
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___ is an MSA associated with autonomic symptoms
this is due to ___ |
Shy-Drager
degeneration of spinal IML column |
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Parkinsonism in MSA is typically symmetric/asymmetric
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asymmetric
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Parkinsonism in CBD is typically symmetric/asymmetric
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asymmetric
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