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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is the K virus labile or stabile outside body?
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Stable outside the host
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What is thought to be the mode of transmission?
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Urine, feces, contaminated fomites (bedding, water, soil, etc), insects because virus in blood.
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In naturally infected colonies why is newborn mortality rare?
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mother confer passive immunity on their litters via material antibody. Antibody lasts past 8 days of age
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Under natural circumstances K virus is entirely inapparent in mouse colonies. True or False.
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True
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When would you expect to see clinical signs of K virus in a mouse colony?
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experiments involving injection of mouse tissues or excreta into newborn mice in infected colones.
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What route of experimental infection of K virus is most sensitive?
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Intracerebral route, but all routes work
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Removed individuals may carry K virus for extended period. True or False.
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True
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How long after experimental infection will clinical signs of disease occur?
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6-15 days PI
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The K virus requires high ______ concentration for replication.
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Oxygen
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What endothelium is the principle site of antigen (virus) localization?
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Pulmonary endothelium; Hepatic endothelium
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What other histopathologic change associated with endothelial cells is found with K-virus infection?
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intranuclear inclusion bodies
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K virus infection results in formation of perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid nodules similar to Sendai and PVM infections. True or False.
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False - no lymphoid nodules in K virus - only in PVM and Sendai
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Inclusion bodies have not been reported in Kupffer cell nuclei. True or False.
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True
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The predominant characteristics of K- virus infection are latency, chronicity, low incidence, high antibody titers in recovered mice, and infection on young mice. True or False.
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False - low antibody titers in recovered mice and infection in older mice
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What the best method for virus isolation of K virus?
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Inoculate suckling mice less than 8 days of age by any route but the intracranial route is most sensitive. Viral suspensions made from homogenated suspensions of pooled mouse viscera.
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What does EDIM stand for? What family and genus of virus is it?
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Epizootic (Epidemic) Diarrhea of Infant Mice. Family = reoviridae Genus = rotavirus
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Are there antigenic or pathogenetic variants of EDIM virus?
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No
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Where in the mouse does EDIM replicate?
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Epithelial cells of villi of the small intestine.
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At what age do the first clinical signs of EDIM appear?
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7-8 days
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Diarrhea is a primary sign of EDIM; but what also occurs at about 12-16 days of age that can cause death?
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Rectal impaction
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In pure EDIM infection mice continue to nurse throughout their illness. True or False.
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True
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What signs do adult mice show with EDIM?
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None
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Is diarrhea usually mild or severe? Is mortality high or low?
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Diarrhea usually mild with low or no mortality
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What are gross clinical signs of EDIM in gastrointestinal tract of mice?
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Fluid in colon (should be semisolid and formed) color of colonic contents lemon yellow to grey green (should be burnt orange) gas in cecum and colon, stomach with curdled milk.
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There is severe inflammatory reaction in the gastrointestinal tract of EDIM infected mice. True or False.
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False - no inflammation
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Inclusions and vacuoles are seen in what gastrointestinal cells with EDIM?
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Epithelial cells near tip of villi
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How does dissemination in the mouse colony primarily occur with EDIM?
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Airborne route.
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Are adult mice included in transmission of EDIM?
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Yes, they can be carriers for a few days
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What other species are affected by EDIM?
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None, right now
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Which litters, first or later, seem to be more affected when exposed?
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First
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What serologic test most useful in diagnosing EDIM?
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ELISA
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Reovirus 3 infection is also know as what other 2 names?
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Hepatoencephalomyelitis and ECHO 10 virus
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What does ECHO stand for?
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Enteric cytopathic human orphan
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Dearing, Abney and Can 230 are what?
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Strains of Reovirus
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Reovirus 3 is regarded as pantropic in mice What does this mean?
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Has an affinity for many tissues
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16 days after IP infection of Reo 3, what occurs to the hair coat?
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Becomes oily and matted
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What does OHE stand for?
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Oily Hair Effect
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What other clinical signs (REO3) in the gastrointestinal tract occur?
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Steatorrhea
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One of the earliest signs in mice is _______ ________.
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Abdominal distention
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Other clinical signs of Reo 3 infection in mice?
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Jaundice (ear, nose, feet and tail), neurologic signs, runting and alopecia
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Gross path of abdomen in Reo 3 infection shows what?
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Hepatomegaly with small yellow foci; intestines reddened and distended splenomegaly
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How does transmission occur in Reo3?
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Orally, parenteral inoculation and mosquitoes
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Is there a strain of mice more susceptible to Reo3?
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No. All are equally susceptible
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What test used for serology of Reo3?
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HAI
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Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is what genus virus?
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Coronavirus
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Are there many stains of MHV?
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Yes
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Name 3 other coronaviruses closely related serologically to MHV.
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HCV - human coronavirus - common cold RCV - rat coronavirus -pneumonia of newborn rats SDAV - sialodacryoadenitis virus - sialodacryoadentis
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In what organs of mice does MHV grow?
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Liver, CNS, spleen, bone marrow - and all other organs
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Can MHV be grown in tissue culture ? In eggs?
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Yes. Not in eggs.
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Name one of the pneumotropic variants to MHV
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JHM
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Describe primary clinical signs of JHM infection
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Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs
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What are clinical signs of acute disease of MHV.
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Ruffled hair, depression, emaciation, dehydration weight loss, huddling, muscle tremors, deeply colored urine
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Are all mice affected equally or is there strain differences?
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There are strain differences
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In nude (nu/nu) mice MHV causes what disease?
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Runt disease
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Name 3 factors enhancing MHV infection.
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Eperythrozoon coccoides, irradiation, cortisone. Also cyclophosphamide, neonatal thymectomy, splenectomy, etc.
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Name one factor suppressing MHV infection.
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Triolein (triglyceryl olenate) also Salmonella typhosa endotoxin.
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Where is most striking and constant gross pathologic sign?
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Liver - sparse to extensive mottling
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Are hepatic lesions sharply demarcated from normal liver or very diffuse?
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Sharp demarcation
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What distinctive feature is seen within these lesions in MHV?
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Intensely eosinophilic material known as Councilman bodies
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Diagnosis of MHV is by what test?
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Elisa
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What does LDV stand for?
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Lactate dehydrogenase - elevating virus
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LDV is unusual in its extreme host specificity. True or False.
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True - infects only mice
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LDV cause severe clinical signs and low titers. True or False.
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False - high titers no clinical signs.
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What characterizes infection with LDV?
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Elevation of certain serum enzymes (LDH)
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What overall group is LDHV?
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Togavirus
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What other animal viruses is it similar to?
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Hog cholera virus, BVD and Equine arteritis virus
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Is LDHV easily transmitted between mice?
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No
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Does LDV usually produce clinical signs in disease?
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No
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In what will does LDV replicate?
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Macrophages
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LDHV replicates slowly / rapidly causing an unusually low/high titer in the serum.
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Rapidly, high
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How long does viremia last?
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lifetime
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How does this affect the normal life span?
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It doesn't --- no clinical signs
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6-10 days after LDV infection what increases in the serum of mice?
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Gamma - globulin
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LDV and antibodies form a complex in the blood during lifetime. What organism therefore would you expect to have significant histopath damage but subliminal?
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Kidney - these immune complexes found in glomeruli
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Significant increases in another organs weight occurs with LDV infection. What organ? What else causes increase in this organ?
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Spleen - splenomegaly - eperythrozoon coccoides
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When C58 mice are immunosuppressed during initial LDV infection what disease symptoms occur?
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polioencephalomyelitis - paralysis
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LDV has been found in association with more than 50 different transplanted murine tumors. True or False.
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True
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What test is used to determine presence of LDV?
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LDH assay
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What other animal species does LDV replicate in?
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None - only mouse
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Does LDV replicate in tumor cells in culture?
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No
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How can tumor cells infected with LDV get rid of the LDV without destroying tumor cells?
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passage of tumor cells in another rodent species or by maintenance of tumor cells in tissue culture.
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Does LDV replicate at all in tissue culture? If so, what tissue?
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Yes, primary cultures of normal mouse tissues. i.e. murine spleen, bone marrow, etc.
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Is LDV an RNA or DNA virus?
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RNA
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What's another name for mouse pox?
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Infectious ectromelia
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What continent is mousepox not in?
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Australia
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What family and genus is ectromelia?
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Poxvirus - family; orthopoxvirus - genus
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What is the portal of entry for mouse pox in natural infections?
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Small abrasions of the skin
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Surviving animals develop what clinical signs 10-14 days post infection?
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skin rash - pox over whole body.
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Like all other pox viruses, ectromelia virus multiplies in the ____________ of affected epithelial cells.
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cytoplasm
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What does ectromelia cause to occur in the cytoplasm of these cells?
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
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What is another name for the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the affected epithelial cells?
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Marchal body - named after 1st person to demonstrate this organism and its ECIB's
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The liver is also affected by mousepox. What does one see grossly and microscopically?
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Grossly - hepatomegaly with many minute white foci. Micro - necrosis
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What lesions occur in the spleen grossly and microscopically with mousepox?
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Initially engorgement and later pale, slightly depressed areas of necrosis.
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What is the primary lesion of mouse pox?
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lesions of the foot
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Is the rabbit susceptible to ectromelia infection?
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No
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Ectromelia can be used to immunize rabbits against rabbit pox. True or False.
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True
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The ability of ectromelia virus to produce acute death with visceral lesions, rash, chronic subclinical infection or whatever was dependent on the genotype of the mouse. True or False.
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True
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What strain(s) of mice are most susceptible and which are least susceptible to ectromelia?
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Most DBA/1 + A Least BALB/C, C57BL/6, AKR
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If you thought a mouse had a suspicious case of mouse pox how would you diagnose it?
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Histo - eosinophilic ICB's in epithelial cells. EM - pox virus particles in same tissue. ELISA.
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If all mice coming into the U.S are screened, how might the ectromelia virus still get into the U.S. and into mice?
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Via mouse cells or mouse tumor material
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What 2 ways are there to get rid of mousepox if it's in a colony?
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Slaughter and disinfection Vaccination with a strain of vaccinia virus.
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Discuss how mouse breeders can keep mousepox out of their colony.
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Raise SPF - expensive Vaccinate breeders routinely Vaccinate breeders for 2 generations (Vaccinate IP or scarify the base of the tail)
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What is the basic phenomena (pathogenesis) associated with infection of mice with LCM?
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Infection of adults causes either illness and death or leads to recovery and elimination of virus. Infection of young results in persistent infection, clinically inapparent although virus present throughout life with high concentration in all organs.
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The LCM virus infected mouse is considered to be an excellent system to study what viral phenomena?
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Persistent viral infections Virus - specific immune tolerance Pathologic immune reactions in virus diseases
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How does the young mouse get LCM virus?
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Direct contact or in utero
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To what genus does LCM belong? Is it an RNA or DNA virus?
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Arenavirus, RNA
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Why is it difficult to rely on LCM virus infected culture?
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They constantly vary - you never know how much or even if you'll have virus.
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Is LCM of high or low pathogenicity? Why?
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Low - because it causes clinical signs in just a few species; one of which is man.
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There are 4 forms of the disease in mice depending on route of infection, age, etc. What are they?
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Cerebral form via intracerebral route Visceral form via peripheral route Late onset disease in congenital carriers Runting in mice affected after birth or early death
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With the cerebral form of LCM the higher the virus titer inoculated intracerebrally the higher the mortality. True or False.
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False - higher titer gives lower mortality Lower titer gives higher mortality
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What clinical sign is common in the cerebral form and what human disease does it mimic?
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Convulsions - epilepsy (generalized grand mal seizures)
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The late onset disease of LCM in congenital carrier mice could also be designated by what name indicating its pathogenesis and histopath?
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Chronic immune complex disease - glomeruli of kidney affected, choroid plexus of brain affected.
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________ responses determine the pathologic consequences of infection in the adult mouse.
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Immune
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What type of immune response occurs in mice due to LCM?
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Cell-mediated
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What is skin heterogenization?
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The alteration of tissues by virus infection in such a way as to elicit rejection by a nominally syngeneic recipient.
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Cytotoxic T-cells are used to determine what about LCM?
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Quantify LCM virus specific cellular immunity.
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Are mice actually infected with LCM virus immune suppressed?
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Yes
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What other animal can transmit the LCM virus to other individuals of the same or different species?
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Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
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How does transmission from mouse to mouse occur?
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saliva, nasal secretions, urine
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What social behavior in mice reduce amount of transmission of LCM?
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Mice are antisocial, rarely migrate, with little or no contact with other mice
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What is the principal mode of transmission of LCM?
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In utero
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Are fomites considered important in LCM transmission? Why or why not?
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No, because virus very labile
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If mice are challenged by intracerebral inoculation of LCM and die, is LCM in the colony? Why or why not?
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No, if they die they are not immune and have never been exposed to LCM
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To keep a colony of mice LCM free what must one insure?
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No feral mice
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Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is a member of what virus group?
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Herpes virus
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CMV were first identified in what gland in mice?
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Salivary gland
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What does centrifugation of an inoculum of CMV do?
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enhances amount of virus
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CMV is consistently found in wild mice. True or False.
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True
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MCMV virulence for mice increases with age, and newborn are not susceptible. True or False.
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False. Decrease with age and newborn are very susceptible.
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The salivary glands (submaxillary, sublingual, and parotid) are infected in what order of susceptibility?
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Submaxillary most susceptible, then sublingual and last parotid
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