Blood, Lymphatic & Immune Systems

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formed elements

Back 1

erythrocytes
platelets
leukocytes

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agglutin/o

Back 2

clumping

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bas/o

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base

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chrom/o

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color

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coagul/o

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clotting

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eosin/o

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rosy red

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erythr/o

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red

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fibrin/o

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fibers, fibrous

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granul/o

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granules

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hem/o

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blood

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hemat/o

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blood

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leuk/o

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white

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morph/o

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shape

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neutr/o

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neutral

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phag/o

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eat, swallow

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sanguin/o

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blood

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thromb/o

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clot

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-apheresis

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removal, carry away

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-cytosis

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more than the normal number of cells

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-emia

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blood condition

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-globin

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protein

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-penia

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abnormal decrease, too few

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-phil

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attracted to

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-poiesis

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formation

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-stasis

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standing still

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Components of blood system

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formed elements
plasma

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Organs of lymphatic and immune systems

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lymph nodes
lymphatic vessels
spleent
thymus gland
tonsils

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adenoid/o

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adenoids

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immun/o

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protection

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lymph/o

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lymph

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lymphadeno/o

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lymph node

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lymphagni/o

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lymph vessel

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path/o

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disease

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splen/o

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spleen

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thym/o

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thymus

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tonsill/o

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tonsils

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tox/o

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poison

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-globulin

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protein

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erythrocytes

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red blood cells

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leukocytes

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white blood cells

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thrombocytes

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platelets

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Blood is made up of?

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plasma (liquid)
blood cells (solid)

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hemocytoblast

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stem cell- the beginning of all the blood cells

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hematopoiesis

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growing and maturing of all the blood cells

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erythropoiesis

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growing and maturing of red blood cells

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leukopoiesis

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growing nad maturing of white blood cells

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thrombopoiesis

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growing nad maturing of platelets

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reticulocyte

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immature red blood cell

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What gives erythrocytes its red color?

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hemoglobin

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hemoglobin

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Carries oxygen to the body tissues.

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hemat/o

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blood

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leuk/o

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white

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morph/o

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shape

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neutr/o

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neutral

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phag/o

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eat, swallow

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sanguin/o

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blood

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thromb/o

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clot

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-apheresis

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removal, carry away

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-cytosis

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more than the normal number of cells

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-emia

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blood condition

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thymus

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changes lymphocytes to T cells

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tonsils

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filter, protect upper respiratory structures and help with the development of white blood cells

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immune system

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acquire immune system develops over the life-time by being expose to various antigens throughout life

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antigens

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organisms that invade the body

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two types of lymphocytes in the immune sysem

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T cell
B cell

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T cell

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from the thymus
directory attacks the antigen

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B cell

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from bone marrow
basically produces antibodies that do the destroying of the antigen

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There are 4 types of blood

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A
B
AB
O

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anemia

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When the blood has reduced oxygen-carrying capability.

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Anemia results from....

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decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin or hematocrit

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hematocrit

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volume of erythrocytes

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normocytic

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normal size

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normochromic

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normal amount of hemoglobin

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macrocytic

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larger than normal

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microcytic

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smaller than normal

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hypochromic

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decreased amount of hemoglobin

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anemia

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patient has low hemoglobin/low number of red blood cells

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AIDS

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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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AIDS

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caused by HIV

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HIV

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human immunodeficiency virus

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lymphadenopathy

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disease of lymph glands.
Swollen glands

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opportunistic infections

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infections that normally do not affect healthy people but people with AIDS become infected.

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Two types of opportunistic infections associated with AIDS

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Kaposi's sarcoma
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

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autoimmune disease

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Body actually attacks itself by producing antibodies against antigens found in their own cells resulting in tissue injury.

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Types of autoimmune disesae

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rheumatoid arthritis
multiple sclerosis
lupus
myasthenia gravis

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exacerbations

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flare up

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latent periods

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remissions

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edema

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swelling from abnormal accumulation of fluids in the spaces between cells (intercellular) in the body

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hemophilia

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hereditary condition in which blood does not clot properly

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infectious mononucleosis

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Casued by Epstein-Barr virus. Main signs/symptoms are sore throat, fever and swollen cervical lymph nodes.

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chronic fatigue syndrome

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Experts believe Epstein-Barr virus is associated with CFS because high levels of EBV antibodies are found in the blood of people with CFS

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allergy

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abnormal acquired immune response to an antigen (allergen) resulting in allergic response

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leukemia

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cancer of the blood-forming organs (i.e. bone marrow). Excessive increase in WBCs

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Hodgkin's disease

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cancer of the lymph nodes

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Rh

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Named after Rhesus monkeys.
Means there is an antigen on the red blood cells

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Rh+

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when antigen is there
i.e. O+

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Rh-

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Antigen is not there.

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RhoGam injections

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Taken when mom is negative and baby is positive to destroy antibodies. Mom's antibodies would destroy the baby's blood.

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plateletpheresis

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removal of platelets.
Donor gives blood, platelets are removed and given to sick person. Rest of blood is given back to donor.

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plasmaphresis

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Removal of plasma.
Donor gives blood, plasma given to sick person. Rest of blood given back to donor.

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septicemia

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bacteria in the blood

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PTT

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preoperative screening for bleeding tendencies

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CBC

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complete blood count - series of tests that include hgb, hct, RBC, WBC, etc.

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sed rate

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Increase indicates inflammatory disease, cancer or pregnancy.
Decrease indicates liver disease.

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hemoglobin

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measurement of the amount of hgb - decrease indicates anemia

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hematocrit

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measurement of the percentage of packed RBCs in a sample of whote blood

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prothrombin time/PT/protime

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used to manage patients taking anticoagulant medicines

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autologous transfusion

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your own blood

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homologous transfusion

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someone else's blood

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anticoagulants

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commonly called "blood thinners"
i.e. Heparin, Coumadin, Warfarin, aspirin

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CBC

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complete blood count

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HCT, Hct

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hematocrit

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HGB, Hgb, Hb

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hemoglobin

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PT, protime

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prothrombin time

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RBC

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red blood cell

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WBC

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white blood cell