Blood & Lymph Systems

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Germ or Bud

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Blast/o

-blast (also a suffix)

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Color

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Chrom/o

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juice

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chyl/o

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blood

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hem/o

hemat/o

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safe

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immun/o

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clear fluid

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lymph/o

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eat or swallow

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phag/o

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formation

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plas/o

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a net

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reticul/o

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spleen

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splen/o

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clot

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thromb/o

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thymus gland

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thym/o

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What is the function of blood?

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Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to body cells and to carry away wastes.

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What is the liquid portion of blood called?

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Plasma

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What are the cellular components suspended in the plasma?

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Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets

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What is the name of the portion of plasma that remains after the clotting process?

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Serum

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liquid portion of the blood and lymph containing water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, vitamins, and cellular components.

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plasma

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a red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the blood stream

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erythrocyte

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protein-iron compound contained in the erythrocyte that has bonding capabilities for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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hemoglobin

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white blood cell that protects the body from invasion of harmful substances

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leukocyte

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thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood essential for blood clotting

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platelets

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What is the lymphatic system consist of?

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An intricate network of capillaries, vessels, valves, ducts, nodes and organs.

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What is a function of the lymphatic system?

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1. It protects the body by filtering microorganisms and foreign particles from the lymph and supporting the activites of the lymphocytes in the immune system.

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What is another function of the lymphatic system?

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It also serves to maintain the body's internal fluid environment by acting as an intermedicary between the blood in the capillaries and tissue cells.

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What is the final function of the lymphatic system?

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It is responsible for carrying fats away from the digestive organs.

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primary gland of the lymphatic system that produces T lymphocytes (T cells)

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thymus

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filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides the environment for the initiation of immune responses by lymphocytes.

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spleen

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fluid originating in the organs and tissues of the body that is circulated through the lymph vessels

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lymph

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microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels

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lymph capillaries

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vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes

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lymph vessels

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many small oval structures that filter the lymph received from the lymph vessels-major locations inc. cervical region, axillary region, and inguinal region

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lymph nodes

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collection channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins

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lymph ducts

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process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen

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immunity

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a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it

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antigen

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substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body

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antibody

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an immunity that protects the body against a future infection, as the result of antibodies that develop naturally after contracting an infection or artificially after administration of a vaccine

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active immunity

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an immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies

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passive immunity

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presence of red blood cells of unequal size (aniso = unequal)

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anisocytosis

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an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood

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pancytopenia

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an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

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erythropenia

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breakdown of the red blood cell membrane

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hemolysis

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impaired immunologic defenses caused by and immunodeficience disorder or therapy with immunosupperssive agents

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immunocompromised

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impaired ability to provide an immune response

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immunosuppression

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presence of enlarged lymph nodes

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lymphadenopathy

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an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes

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lymphocytopenia

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presence of large red blood cells

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macrocytosis

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presence of small red blood cells

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microcytosis

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a decrease in the number of neutrophils

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neutropenia

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presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells (poikilo=irregular)

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poikilocytosis

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an increase of immature erthrocytes in the blood

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reticulocytosis

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enlargement of the spleen

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splenomegaly

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a syndrome caused by the human imunnodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; it is a s.t.d. or through exposure to contaminated blood

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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of the red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues

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anemia

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a microcytic-gypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron, affecting production of hemoglobin and small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin

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iron deficiency anemia

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a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus

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erythroblastosis fetalis

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presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fetal anemia

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Rh factor

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presence of antigens

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Rh positive

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absence of antigens

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Rh negative

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chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow; classified according to the types of white cells affected, e.g. myelocytic, hymphocytic, etc.

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leukemia

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disorder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to the different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia

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myelodysplasia

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any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkins's disease

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lymphoma

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process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to distant organs

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metastasis

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viral condition characterized by an increase in the mononuclear cells in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat

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mononucleosis

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increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

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polycythemia

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systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood

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septicemia

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bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood that impairs the clotting process

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thrombocytopenia

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incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing

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phlebotomy

venipuncture

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test of fluid portion of blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent (e.g. glucose, cholesterol, etc.)

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blood chemistry

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battery of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood; used as a general screen for disease or to target specific organs such as a heart profile, thyroid panel, etc.

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biochemistry panel (BCP)
chem profile

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trade name of the instrument first used to perform automated blood chemistry testing; the abbreviation is sometimes used to identify a chemistry panel

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sequential multiple analyzer (SMA)

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test to determine infection in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages growth of microorganisms; the specimen is observed and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified

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blood culture

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timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall through a given volume of plasma. Determines amount of infection.

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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders

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partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

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substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation

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thromboplastin

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test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood

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prothrombin time (PT)

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protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process

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prothrombin

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one of the most common laboratory blood tests performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes

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complete blood count (CBC)

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a count of the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods.

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white blood count (WBC)

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a count of the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods

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red blood count (RBC)

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a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams)

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hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb)

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a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood

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hematocrit (HCT or Hct)

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calculations of RBC, HCB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells for classification of anemia

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blood indices

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calculation of the volume of individual cells in cubic microns using HCT and RBC results:
MCV = HCT/RBC

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mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV)

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calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results:
MCHC = HGB/HCT

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mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

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determination of the number of each type of white blood cell (leukocyte) seen on a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of the total examined

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differential count

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as part of identifying and counting the WBCs, the condition of the size and shape of the red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide is noted

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red cell morphology

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calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood: normal range 150,000 - 450,000/cubic millimeters

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platelet count (PLT)

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needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathological examination

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bone marrow aspiration

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removal of lymph node

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lymphadenectomy

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incision into a lymph node

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lymphadenotomy

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removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathological examination

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lymph node dissection

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removal of the spleen

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splenectomy

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removal of the thymus gland

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thymectomy

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a drug that prevents clotting of the blood

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anticoagulant

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a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels

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hemostatic

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a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow

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vasoconstrictor

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a drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, increasing blood flow

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vasodilator