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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the causes of Eosinophilia
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Mneumonic: NAACP
Neoplasm Allergies Asthma Collagen vascular disease Parasites |
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What causes hypersegmentation of Neutrophils?
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B12/Folate deficiency
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Which WBC has a characteristic "clock face" pattern for their nucleus?
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Plasma cells - Activated B cell
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Which clotting factors does ATIII inhibit?
Which factors does Protein C inhibit? What about plasmin? |
ATIII inhibits:
II, VII, IX, X, XI (almost all the same as K activates) Protein C inhibits: V & VIIIa Plasmin inhibits: Fibrin |
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Basophilic stippling would be associated w/ which pathologies?
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Mneumonic for basophilic stippling: "BASte the ox TAIL"
Thalassemias Anemia of chronic disease IDA Lead poisoning |
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What is the pathology behind bite cells?
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G6PD deficiency
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Which pathologies would be associated w/ target cells?
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Mneumonic "HALT said the hunter to his TARGET"
HbC disease Asplenia Liver disease Thalassemia |
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Which pathologies are associated w/ schistocyte/helmet cells?
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DIC, TTP/HUS, Traumatic hemolysis
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What would cause heinz bodies?
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alpha thalessemia
G6PD deficiency A result of oxidation of iron from ferrous to ferric form |
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Name the 5 causes of microcytic, hypochromatic anemia
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Think of small BAILS being deficient to feed cows, much like small RBCs would be deficient for humans
Beta thalassemia Alpha thalassemia IDA Lead poisoning Sideroblastic anemia |
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Your radiologist reports a "crew cut" appearance on a skull X-ray of a child you are caring for.
What is the cause of this pathology? |
Beta thalassemia MAJOR
Think of a Major in the military w/ his crew cut Sickle Cell Anemia Think of a sickle on a combine head cutting the crew cut |
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What is the treatment of choice for sideroblastic anemia?
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Pyridoxine (B6) replacement
Sideroblastic Anemia is due to a deficiency in B6 at the rate limiting step of heme formation (gama-ALA synthase & B6) |
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What is the difference between folate & B12 in regards to the presence/concentration of homocysteine & methylmalonic acid?
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Folate:
High homocysteine but NORMAL methylmalonic acid B12: High homocysteiene and HIGH methylmalonic acid |
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What are the 5 P's associated w/ Acute Intermittent Porphyria?
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Painful abdomen
Pink urine Polyneuropathy Psychological disturbances Precipitated by drugs |
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What condition would you expect if the lab stated the patient had an accumulation of Porphobilinogen & gama-ALA?
Which enzyme would be deficient? |
Diagnosis: Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Enzyme Deficiency: Porphobilinogen Deaminase |
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Which condition would you suspect if the lab confirmed the presence of "tea-colored urine?"
Which enzyme is deficient? |
Diagnosis: Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (most common porphyria)
Enzyme deficiency: Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase |
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What does the mneumonic LLEEAADDD stand for?
Why does it "suck" to be a kid who eats lead paint? |
Mneumonic:
Lead Lines on gingivae (Burton's lines) and on epiphyses Encephalopathy & Erythrocyte basophilic stippling Abdominal colic & sideroblastic Anemia Drops - wrist & foot drop Dimercaprol & EDTA = 1st line treatment "Sucks" to be a kid because kids are treated w/ SUCCimer |
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Describe Bernard-Soulier disease
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Decreased GpIb leads to defective ADHESION
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Describe Glansmann's thrombasthenia
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Decreased GpIIb/IIIa leads to defective AGGREGATION
Lack of platelet plug formation |
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Describe Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
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Presence of anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies leads to peripheral platelet destruction
Leads to an increase in MEGAKARYOCYTES |
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Describe Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
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Deficiency of ADAMTS 13 leads to decreased degredation of vWF multimers
Increased presence of vWF multimers leads to increased platelet AGGREGATION and THROMBOSIS |
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Describe von Willebrand's disease
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vWF acts to carry/protect factor VIII thus the INTRINSIC pathway would be affected
Increasing PTT & defective platelet ADHESION Most common inherited bleeding disorder (AD) |
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What are the causes & results of DIC?
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Causes: Mneumonic "STOP Making New Thrombin"
Sepsis, Trauma, Obstetric complications, acute Pancreatitis, Malignancy, Nephrotic syndrome, Transfusions Results: Decreased PC, Increased BT, Increased PT, Increased PTT |
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What is the most common cause of inherited hypercoagulability?
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Factor V Leiden
Assume 1st in any case of hypercoagulability until proven otherwise |
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What would be the cause of a lack of an increase in PTT time after the administration of heparin?
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ATIII deficiency
Heparin activates ATIII to increase PTT |
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Your patient shows signs of skin necrosis following the administration of warfarin, what is the most likely cause?
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Protein C or S deficiency
Lack of Protein C or S results in inability to inhibit factors V & VIII Continual coagulation results, leading to necrosis |
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Think of the mneumonic for Hodgkin's Lymphoma and decide what it means
"Reed-Sternberg Localized the Owly Constitution writers at Hopkins to discuss EBV" |
Symptoms of Hodgkin's:
Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells Localized to a single group of nodes Constitutional symptoms (night sweats, weight loss) "Owl's eyes" = Reed Sternberg cells Hopkins = Hodgkins 50% of cases associated w/ EBV |
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Think of the mneumonic for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
"Majority of Black 20-40 year olds are Non-HIV carriers, but have Multiple Peripheral Nigs who are" |
Non-Hodgkin's Symptoms:
Majority invovle B Cells Peak incidence in 20-40 year olds Non = Non-Hodgkin's Often associated w/ HIV Multiple Peripheral Nodes = Multiple Peripheral Nigs |
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Which cancerous cells are described as "CD30+ & CD15+?"
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Reed Sternberg Cells
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What is the most common cause of inherited hypercoagulability?
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Factor V Leiden
Assume 1st in any case of hypercoagulability until proven otherwise |
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What would you suspect if the pathology report stated the presence of "owl's eyes?"
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg cells have an "owl's eyes" appearance |
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What would be the cause of a lack of an increase in PTT time after the administration of heparin?
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ATIII deficiency
Heparin activates ATIII to increase PTT |
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Be aware of and review the different types of Hodgkin's Lymphoma located on page 351 of 1st Aid
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Nodular Sclerosing
Mixed Cellularity Lymphocyte Predominant Lymphocyte Depleted |
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Your patient shows signs of skin necrosis following the administration of warfar, what is the most likely cause?
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Protein C or S deficiency
Lack of Protein C or S results in inability to inhibit factors V & VIII Continual coagulation results, leading to necrosis |
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Buzz words provided in a case:
t(8:14) c-myc gene "Starry-sky" appearance Jaw lesions Which type of lymphoma is being described? |
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Associated w/ EBV & endemic in Africa "Bubba had big gums (jaw lesions)...Bubba had Burkitt's" |
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Think of the mneumonic for Hodgkin's Lymphoma and decide what it means
"Reed-Sternberg Localized the Owly Constitution writers at Hopkins to discuss EBV" |
Symptoms of Hodgkin's:
Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells Localized to a single group of nodes Constitutional symptoms (night sweats, weight loss) "Owl's eyes" = Reed Sternberg cells Hopkins = Hodgkins 50% of cases associated w/ EBV |
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What is the most common adult NHL?
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
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Think of the mneumonic for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
"Majority of Black 20-40 year olds are Non-HIV carriers, but have Multiple Peripheral Nigs who are" |
Non-Hodgkin's Symptoms:
Majority invovle B Cells Peak incidence in 20-40 year olds Non = Non-Hodgkin's Often associated w/ HIV Multiple Peripheral Nodes = Multiple Peripheral Nigs |
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Which cancerous cells are described as "CD30+ & CD15+?"
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Reed Sternberg Cells
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What would you suspect if the cancer pathology report stated the presence of "owl's eyes?"
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg cells have an "owl's eyes" appearance |
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Be aware of and review the different types of Hodgkin's Lymphoma located on page 351 of 1st Aid
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Nodular Sclerosing
Mixed Cellularity Lymphocyte Predominant Lymphocyte Depleted |
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Buzz words provided in a case:
t(8:14) c-myc gene "Starry-sky" appearance Jaw lesions Which type of lymphoma is being described? |
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Associated w/ EBV & endemic in Africa "Bubba had big gums (jaw lesions)...Bubba had Burkitt's" |
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What is the most common adult NHL?
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
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Which type of lymphoma would be associated w/
Positive CD5 Positive CD19 Positive CD20 Negative CD23 t(11:14) Very likely to metastasize |
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
B Cell neoplasm (NHL) CD5 + = unique CD 23 - = unique t(11:14) = Buzz Most likely NHL to spread |
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Which lymphoma is associated w/
Positive CD 10, 19, 20 Negative CD 5 t(14:18) bcl-2 over expression Presence of small cleaved cells (centrocytes) & large non-cleaved cells (centroblasts) |
Follicular Lymphoma
t(14:18) results in bcl-2 overexpression Centrocytes are notched B cells which have a "buttock" appearance |
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What would you suspect if your pathology report noted:
Hyperlobulated nuclei Presence of HTLV-1 in a patient from West Africa? |
Adult T-Cell Lymphoma
Very aggressive T-Cell neoplasm Buzz: HTLV-1 Hyperlobulated nuclei (aka flower nuclei) Affects populations in Japan, West Africa & the Caribbean Adults present w/ cutaneous lesions |
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Which lymphoma would be associated w/:
Plasma cell "fried egg" appearance Hypercalcemia Punched out lytic bone lesions Monoclonal immunoglobulin spike (M protein) Rouleaux formation? |
Multiple Myeloma
Affects bone marrow, thus Hypercalcemia, Anemia, Bone pain (punched out lesions) & Renal insufficiency (due to the hypercalcemia) would result Pt. would have high levels of IgG & IgA Rouleaux formation results from RBCs stacking like poker chips May also see the presence of Ig light chaings in the urine (Bence Jones proteins) |
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Which type of lymphoma would be associated w/:
TdT + CALLA + t(12:21) Kids |
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (ALL)
Most common in Kids TdT + = marker of pre-T & pre-B cells TdT = Tudder |
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Which type of lymphoma would be associated w/:
Smudge cells Older adults |
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
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Which type of lymphoma is common in the elderly and stains TRAP positive?
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Hairy Cell Leukemia
Think of the stain being "TRAPped" in the Hairy |
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Which type of lymphoma is assoiciated w/:
Auer rods Increased myeloblasts |
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
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Which lymphoma is associated w/:
The Philadelphia Chromosome (t(9:22)) bcr-abl Splenomegaly Responsive to Imatinib |
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Presents w/ increased neutrophils, metamyelocytes, basophils, leading to splenomegaly Splenomegaly may accelerate CML and convert it into more dangerous AML or ALL Imatinib is an anti-bcr-abl antibody |
