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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of Blood
(Blood is a type of connective tissue) |
Transports vital substances (nutrients, oxygen, wastes & hormoes)
Help maintain the stability of interstitial fluid Heat distribution |
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What is HCT / Hematocrit
Also known as PCV (packed cell volume) |
The % by volume of red blood cells in a sample of blood.
About 45% on avg |
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Origin of blood cells
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- Blood cells come from hemocytoblasts or hematopoietic stem cells
- Hematopoietic growth factors - TPO (Thrombopoietin) protein stimulates megakaryocytes (lg cells) to proliferate. |
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Blood Volume varies with
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- Body size
- Changes in fluid concentration - Changes in electrolyte concentration - amount of adipose tissue *About 8% of body weight |
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Red Blood Cell Counts
-Number of RBCs in a cubic millimeter of blood -Reflects blood's oxygen carrying capacity |
Adult Males 4,600,000-6,200,00
Adult Females 4,200,000-5,400,000 Children 4,500,000 - 5,100,000 |
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White Blood Cell Counts
-Number of WBCs per cubic millimeter of blood |
5,000 - 10,000 per cubic millimeter of blood
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Leukocytosis
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High WBC count (above 10,000)
-May indicate infections -May also follow vigorous exercise or great loss of body fluids |
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Leukopenia
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Low WBC count (below 5,000)
-May accompany typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, AIDS |
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Differential WBC count
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-Lists percentages of types of leukocytes (WBC)
- May change in particular diseases |
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Characteristics of Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
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-biconcave discs
-1/3 hemoglobin (oxygen carrying molecules) by volume -Can readily squeeze through capillaries -Lack nuclei and mitochondra |
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Hemoglobin
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Oxygen carrying molecules
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Characteristics of White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
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-Protect against disease
-interleukins and colony-stimulating factors stimulate development |
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WBC w/ granular cytoplasm are called
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Granulocytes
*Neutrophils *Eosinophils *basophils |
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WBC w/out granular cytoplasm are called
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Agranulocytes
*lymphocytes *monocytes |
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Types of Granulocytes (WBC w/ granular cytoplasm)
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils Basophils |
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Neutrophils
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*Light purple granules in acid-base stain
*First to arrive at infections *Phagocytic *Elevated in bacterial infections |
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Eosinophils
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*Deep red granules in acid stain
*Moderate allergice reactions *Defend against parasitic worm infestations |
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Basophils
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*Deep blue granules in basic stain
*Release histamine *Release heparin |
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Types of Agranulocytes (WBC w/out granular cytoplasm)
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Monocytes
Lymphocytes |
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Monocytes
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*Largest blood cell
*spherical, kidney-shape, oval or lobed nuclei *Leave bloodstream to become macrophages *3% - 9% of leukocytes *phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris. |
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Hemostatis
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stoppage of bleeding
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Hemostatis Mechanisms
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Blood Vessel Spasm
Platelet Plug Formation Blood Coagulation |
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Hemophilia
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Lack of specific clotting factor causes bleeding
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Erythrocytosis
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Reticulocytes have extra EPO receptors, enhancing stamina
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Sickle Cell Disease
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Abnormal hemoglobin crystallizes under low-oxygen conditions, sickling red blood cells, which block circulation causing anemia, pain and other symptoms
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Extrinsic Clotting Mechanism
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Triggered when blood contacts damaged tissue
Initiated by thromboplastin |
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Intrinsic Clotting Mechanism
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Triggered when blood contacts a foreign surface
Initiated by Hageman factor |
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Coagulation
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Hemostatic mechanism
Causes the formation of a clot via a series of reactions which activates the next in a cascade Occurs extrinsically or intrinsically |
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Agglutination
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Clumping of blood cells in response to a reaction between an antibody and an antigen
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Antigens
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A chemical that stimulates cells to produce antibodies
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Agglutin - to glue together
bil - bile crit - to seperate embol - stopper erythr - red |
hema - blood
hemo - blood hepa - liver leuko - white lys - to break up |
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macro - large
osis - abnormal condition poie - make, produce |
poly - many
statis - halt, make stand thromb - clot |
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embolus
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Blood clot or gas bubble carried in the circulation that may obstruct a blood vessel
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thrombus
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Blood clot that remains where it forms in a blood vessel
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Serum
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Fluid portion of coagulated blood
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Universal Blood Donor
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O-
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Universal Blood Recipient
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AB+
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Chapter 14 / Blood
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Chapter 14 / Blood
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