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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT IS THE AVERAGE TOTAL BODY WEIGHT OF BLOOD?
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8%
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WHAT DETERMINES BLOOD VOLUME
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AGE, BODY TYPE, SEX
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PLASMA MAKES UP WHAT PERCENTAGE OF BLOOD
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55%
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WHAT IS THE BLOOD VOLUME IN MALES
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5-6 LITERS
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WHAT IS THE BLOOD VOLUME IN FEMALES
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4-5 LITERS
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BLOOD VOLUME IS RELATED____________ TO AMOUNT OF FAT/KILOGRAM
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INVERSELY
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WHOLE BLOOD VOLUME IS?
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MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA AND FORMED ELEMENT
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ERYTHROCYTES
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RED BLOOD CELLS
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LEUKOCYTES
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WHITE BLOOD CELLS
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ANOTHER WORD FOR PLATELETS
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THROMBOCYTES
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THE BUFFY COAT IS MADE UP OF
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WBC AND PLATELETS
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WHAT IS HEMATOCRIT
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USED TO DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF RBC IN WHOLE BLOOD
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NORMAL HEMATOCRIT FOR MALES
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45%
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NORMAL HEMATOCRIT FOR FEMALES
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42%
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WHAT IS POLYCYTHEMIA
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HIGH HEMATOCRIT LEVEL AND HIGH RBC
MOUNTAIN CLIMBERS |
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WHAT IS ANEMIA
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REDUCED RBC
A HEMATOCRIT OF 40% OR LESS |
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NUCLEUS ABSCENT,
NO RIBOSOMES, NO MITOCHONDRIA |
ERYTHROCYTE
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BICONCAVE DISK
FILLED WITH HEMOGLOBIN THIN PLASMA MEMBRANE |
ERYTHROCYTE
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF RBC's
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TRANSPORT OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE.
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HEMOGLOBIN
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95% OF DRY WEIGHT OF EACH RED BLOOD CELL, ALSO CAUSES RED PIGMENT. 4 PROTEIN CHAINS. 4 OXYGEN MOLECULES CARRIED BY EACH HB MOLECULE.
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WHAT IS NEEDED BY EACH HEME FOR BINDING OXYGEN
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ONE IRON ATOM
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NORMAL HB VALUES FOR MALES
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14G -16G/100 ML OF BLOOD
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NORMAL HB VALUES FOR FEMALES
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12G -14G/100 ML OF BLOOD
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ANEMIA IS LESS THAN __________/100 ML OF BLOOD
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10G
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ERYTHROPOIESIS
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FORMATION OF RED BLOOD CELLS
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WHAT IS THE QUEEN BEE CELL
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HEMOCYTOBLAST
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WHAT IS THE STIMULUS FOR THE FORMATION OF RBC's
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ERYTHROPOIETIN
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WHAT IS ERYTHROPOETIN
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A GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE RELEASED BY THE KIDNEY
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WHAT STIMULATES INCREASED RBC PRODUCTION
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LOW OXYGEN LEVELS WILL CAUSE THE KIDNEYS TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF ERYTHROPOETIN
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WHAT IS THE LIFE SPAN OF RBC
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120 DAYS
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HOW ARE RBC's DESTROYED
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MACROPHAGE CELLS IN THE LIVER AND SPLEEN PHAGOCYTOSE THE OLD CELLS
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BREAKDOWN OF HEMOGLOBIN RELEASED FROM RBC YIELDS
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GLOBIN AND HEME
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WHAT IS GLOBIN CONVERTED TO AND USE FOR
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AMINO ACIDS USED FOR ENERGY SOURCE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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WHAT IS A LEUKOCYTE
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WBC
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WHAT ARE THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF LEUKOCYTES
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GRANULOCYTES AND AGRANULOCYTES
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WHAT ARE GRANULOCYTES
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NEUTROPHILS
EOSINOPHILS BASOPHILS |
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WHAT PERCENTAGE OF WBC's ARE NEUTROPHILS
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60-75%
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WHAT HAPPENS TO NEUTROPHILS DURING ACUTE INFECTION
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INCREASE
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WHAT PERCENTAGE OF WBC's ARE EOSINOPHILS
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2-5%
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WHAT INCREASES DURING ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND PARSITIC INFECTIONS
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EOSINOPHILS
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WHAT % OF WBCs ARE BASOPHILS
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0.5 - 1%
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WHAT INCREASES DURING ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND PERIODS OF INFLAMMATION
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BASOPHILS
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WHAT IS THE ANATOMY OF GRANULOCYTES
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GRANULES IN CYTOPLASM AND LOBED NUCLEI
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ANATOMY OF AGRANULOCYTES
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NO GRANULES IN CYTOPLASM AND UNLOBED NUCLEI
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2 TYPES OF AGRANULOCYTES
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LYMPHOCYTES
MONOCYTES |
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LYMPHOCYTES MAKE UP WHAT PERCENTAGE OF WBCs
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20 - 25%
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MONOCYTES MAKE UP WHAT PERCENTAGE OF WBCs
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3 - 8 %
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WHAT DO MONOCYTES BECOME IN TISSUES
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MACROPHAGES
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WHAT TWO TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES ARE IMPORTANT IN THE IMMUNITY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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THYMIC LYMPHOCYTES (T-CELLS)
BURSAL LYMPHOCYTES (B CELLS) |
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NORMAL WBC COUNT
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5000 TO 9000/MM CUBED
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WHAT ARE THROMBOCYTES
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PLATELETS
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ANATOMY OF THROMBOCYTES
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150,000 TO 350,000/MM CUBED
2-4 MM IN DIAMETER PLASMA MEMBRANE BOUND PARTICLES OF CYTOPLASM CONTAINING CLOTTING FACTORS |
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF PLATELETS
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HEMOSTASIS ( THE STOPPAGE OF BLOOD FLOW)
PLATELET PLUG FORMED BY PLATLETS STICKING TOGETHER (STICKY PLATELETS) COAGULATION= FORMATION OF FIBRIN CLOT |
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WHAT IS THE LIFE SPAN OF A PLATELET
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ABOUT 7 DAYS
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HEMOCYTOBLASTS
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HEMOPOIETIC ADULT STEM CELLS
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NAME THE FOUR BLOOD TYPES
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A
B AB O |
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WHAT IDENTIFIES TYPE A BLOOD
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RBC HAS AGGLUTINOGENS A: PLASMA HAS AGGLUTININ ANTI-B
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WHAT IDENTIFIES TYPE B BLOOD
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RBC HAS AGGLUTINOGENS B: PLASMA HAS AGGLUTININ ANTI-A
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WHAT IDENTIFIES TYPE AB BLOOD
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RBC HAS AGGLUTINOGENS A AND B: PLASMA HAS NO AGGLUTININ A OR B
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WHAT IDENTIFIES TYPE O BLOOD
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RBC HAS NO AGGLUTINOGENS; PLASMA HAS AGGLUTININ ANTI-A AND B
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WHAT IDENTIFIES Rh POSITIVE
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RBC HAS A PROTEIN CALLED Rh ANTIGEN IS PRESENT ON THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
PLASMA HAS NO ANTI-Rh AGGLUTININ |
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WHAT IDENTIFIES Rh NEGATIVE
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RBC HAS NO Rh PROTEIN ON ITS PLASMA MEMBRANE
THE BLOOD DOES NOT NORMALLY CONTAIN ANTI-Rh ANTIBODIES. IT MUST ENTER FROM THE MOTHER OR BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS |
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WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF PLASMA
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91% WATER 9% SOLUTES
SERUM THE LIQUID OF BLOOD WITHOUT THE CLOTTING FACTORS |
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WHAT ARE THE SOLUTES FOUND IN BLOOD PLASMA
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ELECTROLYTES (SODIUM, CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM)
NONELECTROLYTES: PROTEINS (ALBUMIN,GLOBULINS,FIBRINOGEN) NUTRIENTS, WASTES, GASES, REGULATORY SUBSTANCES (HORMONES, ETC.) |
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COAGULATION
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THE MECHANISM OF BLOOD CLOTTING
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3 STAGES OF BLOOD CLOTTING
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EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC
PROTHROBIN INSOLUBLE FIBRIN |
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WHAT CONDITIONS OPPOSE BLOOD CLOTTING
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SMOOTH ENDOTHELIUM
PRESENCE OF ANTITHROMBINS (HEPARIN) |
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WHAT CONDITIONS HASTEN BLOOD CLOTTING
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ROUGH PLACES ON THE ENDOTHELIUM
ABNORMALLY SLOW BLOOD FLOW (LOW HEART RATE) |
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Fluid found between the epicardium and the pericardium
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PERICARDIAL
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WHAT IS THE ORDER OF BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE VESSEL
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ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES CAPILLARIES VENULES VEINS |
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WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE HEART, INSIDE TO OUTSIDE
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ENDOCARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM EPICARDIUM |
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EPICARDIUM
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SUPERFICIAL VISCERAL OUTER LAYER. ALSO CALLED SEROUS PERICARDIUM
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MYOCARDIUM
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MIDDLE LAYER, MAIN BULK OF THE MUSCLE
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ENDOCARDIUM
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DEEP INNER LINING LAYER OF ENDOTHELIUM
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WHAT IS THE HOLE BETWEEN THE RT AND LT ATRIUM OF A FETUS CALLED
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FORAMENOVALE
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WHAT IS THE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE LUNGS
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PULMONARY
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VENTRICLE OF THE HEART THAT EJECTS BLOOD TOWARDS THE LUNGS
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RIGHT VENTRICLE
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THIS CIRCULATION INCLUDES BLOOD FLOW TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY EXCEPT THE LUNGS
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SYSTEMIC
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WHERE ALL ARTERIES OF THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION BRANCH FROM
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AORTA
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WHAT IS A DISORDER THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY DEPOSITS OF LIPIDS IN THE INNER LAYER (TUNICA INTIMA)
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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THE RT ARTIOVENTRICULAR VALVE IS ALSO CALLED
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THE TRICUSPID VALVE
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A SERIOUS COMPRESSION OF THE HEART IS CALLED CARDIAC
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TAMPONADE
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WHAT VENTRICLE HAS THE THICKEST WALL
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LEFT
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THE PULMONARY AND AORTIC VALVES ARE ALSO CALLED THE
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SEMILUNAR
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THE ARTERIES ON THE HEART ARE CALLED
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CORONARY ARTERIES
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THE PERICARDIAL SAC PROTECTS AGAINST
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FRICTION
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ANOTHER NAME FOR THE SA NODE
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PACEMAKER
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THESE VESSELS ALWAYS CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART
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ARTERIES
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4 STRUCTURES IN ORDER OF CONDUCTION
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SINOATRIAL NODE (SA NODE)
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE (AV NODE) ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE (AV BUNDLE) PURKINJE FIBERS |
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TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS
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ARTERY
ARTERIOLES VEIN VENULES SINUSES CAPILLARIES |
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STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS OUTER TO INNER
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TUNICA ADVENTITIA
TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA INTIMA |
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THE SITE WHERE ALL MATERIAL EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE
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CAPILLARIES
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FUNCTION OF ARTERIES
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REGULATE WHERE THE BLOOD FLOW INCREASES OR DECREASES
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FUNCTION OF VEINS
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RETURNING BLOOD TO THE HEART
RESERVOIRS FOR BLOOD, (PACITANCE) A GREAT ABILITY TO STRETCH |
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WEIGHT OF THE HEART
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310G FOR MEN
225G FOR WOMEN |
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WHAT ARE THE SUPERIOR CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
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ATRIA
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WHAT ARE THE LOWER CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
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VENTRICLES
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WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY PUMPING CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
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VENTRICLES, LEFT IS THE THICKEST AND PUSHES BLOOD THROUGH MOST OF THE VESSELS OF THE BODY. RIGHT ONLY PUSHES BLOOD TO THE LUNGS
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WHAT IS A SYSTOLE CONTRACTION
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SQUEEZING OF THE HEART
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DIASTOLIC CONTRACTION
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RELAXING PHASES OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE
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ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES ARE LOCATED WHERE
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BETWEEN THE ATRIUM AND THE VENTRICLE
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WHAT IS THE ORDER OF BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART
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FROM BODY TO LEFT ATRIUM, THEN LEFT VENTRICLE TO THE AORTA, AND TO THE BODY AND BACK TO THE HEART.
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WHERE ARE THE RIGHT AND LEFT CORANARY ARTERIES FOUND
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IN THE ASCENDING ARCH OF THE AORTA
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WHERE IS THE APEX OF THE HEART?
WHERE IS THE BASE OF THE HEART? |
THE APEX IS THE BOTTOM
THE BASE IS THE TOP |
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WHAT IS HEMODYNAMICS
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THE STUDY OF REGULATION OF BLOOD FLOW
INVOLVES MAINTAINING CIRCULATION TO ALL CELLS NECESSITATES VARYING THE VOLUME AND DISTRIBUTION OF CIRCULATING BLOOD |
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SA NODE
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70-75 BPM
LOCATED IN RT ATRIUM PACEMAKER |
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AV NODE
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40-60BPM
IMPULSE PASSED TO AV BUNDLE |
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AV BUNDLE OF HIS
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20-40 BPM
FORMS RIGHT AND LEFT BUNDLE BRANCHES IMPULSE PASSED TO PURKINJE SYSTEM |
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PURKINJE SYSTEM
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10-30 BPM
IMPULS CONDUCTION THROUGHOUT BOTH VENTRICLES |
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ECG WAVES
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P WAVE
QRS COMPLEX T WAVE U WAVE |
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P WAVE
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DEPOLARIZATION OF ATRIA
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QRS COMPLEX
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DEPOLARIZATION OF VENTRICLES
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T WAVE
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REPOLARIZATION OF VENTRICLES
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U WAVE
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REPOLARIZATION OF PURKINJE FIBERS
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WHAT IS THE FIRST HEART SOUND
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LUBB
CONTRACTION OF VENTRICLES VIBRATIONS OF CLOSING AV VALVES |
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WHAT IS THE SECOND HEART SOUND
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DUBB
VIBRATION |
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WHAT IS A HEART MURMUR
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BLOOD RUSHING AROUND AN IRREGULARITY
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CARDIAC OUTPUT
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STROKE VOLUME X HEART RATE
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WHAT IS THE PRIMARY DETERMINANT OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE
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CARDIAC OUTPUT
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WHAT DOES PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION DO TO THE HEART
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SLOWS THE HEART AS A RESULT OF THE THE RELEASE OF ACETYLCHOLINE
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WHAT DOES SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION DO TO THE HEART
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SPEEDS THE HEART RATE BY RELEASING NOREPINEPHRINE
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STARLINGS LAW OF THE CAPILLARIES
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COLLOIDAL OSMOTIC PRESSURE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE CAPILLARY
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INSIDE (BLOOD PRESSURE) AND OUTSIDE (TISSUE FLUID PRESSURE) THE CAPILLARY |
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WHAT END OF THE CAPILLARY HAS THE MOST HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
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THE ARTERIOLE END
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POISEULLES LAW
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VOLUME OF BLOOD CIRCULATED. DIRECTLY RELATED TO MEAN ARTERICAL PRESSUE MINUS CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE
INVERSELY RELATED TO PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE |
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PULSE POINTS
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RADIAL, TEMPORAL, COMMON CAROTID, FACIAL,BRACHIAL, POPLITEAL, POSTERIOR TIBIAL, DORSALIS PEDIS
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WHERE IS THE VENOUS PULSE FOUND
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LARGE VEINS NEAR HEART
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