Blood Bank/transfusion Medicine

Front 1

What antigens display dosage ?

Back 1

MNS, Duffy, Kidd, C/s, E/e

Front 2

How do you know an antigen display dosage ?

Back 2

Stronger reaction in homozygous cells compare to heterozygous cells in the panel

Front 3

Are HTLA antibodies signifant?

Back 3

When they masked other alloantibodies. And some are clinically significant: Cartwright (Yta), Holley (Hy), Gregory (Gy)

Front 4

How do you know if there are antibodies to test reagents?

Back 4

Autocontrol is negative, and arcross-the-board reactivity

Front 5

What do you do if you suspect antibodies to test reagents?

Back 5

Washed the test cells to remove these antigens

Front 6

What does that mean when only one test cell is positive?

Back 6

That there may be a low incidence antigens such as Wra and Kpa

Front 7

Explain polyagglutination.

Back 7

Human serum contains some naturally occuring antibodies i.e. T, Tn, Tk, Cad. If the RBC antigens are altered by bacterial neuraminidase via T-activation, the RBC can agglutinate due to the antibodies.

Front 8

How do you test for polyagglutination?

Back 8

These agglutinable RBC can only be agglutinated by adult serum. There is no agglutination with cord serum.

Front 9

What is the use of hemagglutination inhibition (neutralizing substances)?

Back 9

These substances mimics some antigens on red cells. Therefore the antibodies that originally bind to the antigens on RBC now binds to the neutralizing substances. This cause abolition of reactivity.

Front 10

Name antigen it mimics, guinea pig urine

Back 10

Sda

Front 11

Name antigen it mimics, Hydatid cyst fluid

Back 11

P1

Front 12

Name antigen it mimics, Saliva

Back 12

H, Lea

Front 13

Name antigen it mimics, breast milk.

Back 13

I

Front 14

Name antigen it mimics, Pigeon eggs

Back 14

P1

Front 15

Name antigen it mimics, Plasma

Back 15

Chido, Rodgers (non clinically significant HTLA antibodies)

Front 16

What are lectins?

Back 16

Substances (plant derived) that binds to specific antigens on red cells and cause agglutination.

Front 17

Ficin, papain and trypsin are proteolytic enzymes that ....

Back 17

Either enhances or destroyed antigenicity of antigens.

Front 18

Name antigens that ficin enchances?

Back 18

Kidd, Le, I/i, P, Rh

Front 19

Name antigens that ficin destroys?

Back 19

MNSs, Fya, Fyb, Lutheran, Chido, Rodgers, Yta (HTLA clinical sig Ab)

Front 20

Why would a AB - person has anti-A1 antibodies?

Back 20

Because the phenotype is A2B -. 25% of these ppl develop anti A1, which is IgM, clinically insignificant antibody. Pre-warm cross match

Front 21

Most common cause of Hemolytic Disease of Newborn

Back 21

Anti-Kell and second is anti-c

Front 22

What are other milder forms of HDN?

Back 22

HDN due to ABO incompatibility. O mothers give birth to either A or B babies. the Anti-A and anti-B are natural occuring, therefore HDN can happen in first pregnancy.

Front 23

What antigens display dosage ?

Back 23

MNS, Duffy, Kidd, C/s, E/e

Front 24

How do you know an antigen display dosage ?

Back 24

Stronger reaction in homozygous cells compare to heterozygous cells in the panel

Front 25

Are HTLA antibodies signifant?

Back 25

When they masked other alloantibodies. And some are clinically significant: Cartwright (Yta), Holley (Hy), Gregory (Gy)

Front 26

How do you know if there are antibodies to test reagents?

Back 26

Autocontrol is negative, and arcross-the-board reactivity

Front 27

What do you do if you suspect antibodies to test reagents?

Back 27

Washed the test cells to remove these antigens

Front 28

What does that mean when only one test cell is positive?

Back 28

That there may be a low incidence antigens such as Wra and Kpa

Front 29

Explain polyagglutination.

Back 29

Human serum contains some naturally occuring antibodies i.e. T, Tn, Tk, Cad. If the RBC antigens are altered by bacterial neuraminidase via T-activation, the RBC can agglutinate due to the antibodies.

Front 30

How do you test for polyagglutination?

Back 30

These agglutinable RBC can only be agglutinated by adult serum. There is no agglutination with cord serum.

Front 31

What is the use of hemagglutination inhibition (neutralizing substances)?

Back 31

These substances mimics some antigens on red cells. Therefore the antibodies that originally bind to the antigens on RBC now binds to the neutralizing substances. This cause abolition of reactivity.

Front 32

Name antigen it mimics, guinea pig urine

Back 32

Sda

Front 33

Name antigen it mimics, Hydatid cyst fluid

Back 33

P1

Front 34

Name antigen it mimics, Saliva

Back 34

H, Lea

Front 35

Name antigen it mimics, breast milk.

Back 35

I

Front 36

Name antigen it mimics, Pigeon eggs

Back 36

P1

Front 37

Name antigen it mimics, Plasma

Back 37

Chido, Rodgers (non clinically significant HTLA antibodies)

Front 38

What are lectins?

Back 38

Substances (plant derived) that binds to specific antigens on red cells and cause agglutination.

Front 39

Ficin, papain and trypsin are proteolytic enzymes that ....

Back 39

Either enhances or destroyed antigenicity of antigens.

Front 40

Name antigens that ficin enchances?

Back 40

Kidd, Le, I/i, P, Rh

Front 41

Name antigens that ficin destroys?

Back 41

MNSs, Fya, Fyb, Lutheran, Chido, Rodgers, Yta (HTLA clinical sig Ab)

Front 42

Why would a AB - person has anti-A1 antibodies?

Back 42

Because the phenotype is A2B -. 25% of these ppl develop anti A1, which is IgM, clinically insignificant antibody. Pre-warm cross match

Front 43

Most common cause of Hemolytic Disease of Newborn

Back 43

Anti-Kell and second is anti-c

Front 44

What are other milder forms of HDN?

Back 44

HDN due to ABO incompatibility. O mothers give birth to either A or B babies. the Anti-A and anti-B are natural occuring, therefore HDN can happen in first pregnancy.