Blood Bank Unit 1

Front 1

Chromosome

Back 1

Nucleic acid and proteins that carries genetic information in the form of genes

Front 2

Homologous chromosome

Back 2

Chromosome pair similar in size, gene loci, and centromere position

Front 3

Autosome

Back 3

NOT a sex chromosome

All genes not related to sex determination

Front 4

Gene

Back 4

Distinct sequence of nucleotides forming a part of a chromosome

Front 5

Genetic loci

Back 5

A genes location on a chromosome

Front 6

Allele

Back 6

Two alleles, one from each parent, determine a specific characteristic

Front 7

Homozygous

Back 7

Two alleles for a given trait are identical

Front 8

Heterozygous

Back 8

Two alleles for a given trait are different

Front 9

Hemizygous

Back 9

Having only a single copy of a gene in a chromosome instead of 2

Gametes are hemizygous

Front 10

Dominant

Back 10

Gene product expresses over another gene

Front 11

Recessive

Back 11

Gene product only expressed when inherited from both parents

Front 12

Codominant

Back 12

Equal expression of two different inherited alleles

Front 13

Amorph (amorphic)

Back 13

A mutated allele that has lost the ability of the parent allele to encode any functional protein

Front 14

Genotype

Back 14

DNA sequence determines a specific characteristics

Determines phenotype

Front 15

Phenotype

Back 15

Physical representation of gene combinations

Front 16

Haplotype

Back 16

A group of alleles that are inherited together from a single parent

Front 17

PCR

Back 17

Used to amplify DNA sequences

Uses primers, polymerases, nucleotides etc

Front 18

Nucleotide

Back 18

Basic building block of DNA, RNA

5 carbon sugar, nitrogenius base, Ph

Front 19

Amplicon

Back 19

Amplified or copied PCR products

Front 20

Hybridize

Back 20

In the PCR process the joining of complementary base pairs to ssDNA in forming dsDNA

Front 21

DNA probe

Back 21

Short sequence of DNA complementary to the area being identified and usually attached to a marker

Front 22

Sensitization

Back 22

The binding or attachment of an antibody or complement to an RBC

Front 23

Epitope

Back 23

Part of an antigen where the Ab attaches itself

Front 24

Isoagglutinin

Back 24

Ab produced by one individual that causes agglutination of cells of other individuals of the same species

Front 25

Immunogen

Back 25

Substance that is capable of causing an immune response

Front 26

Opsonin

Back 26

Chemical substance in circulation that binds to an antigen and increases phagocytosis

Front 27

Law of independent segregation

Back 27

The 2 alleles for a trait separate randomly and become a gamete

Front 28

Law of independent assortment

Back 28

Genes at different loci are inherited I independently from one another

Front 29

Law of unit inheritance

Back 29

Some genes are inherited as a unit because they reside so closely together on a chromosome

MNS

Front 30

Blood group antigens

Back 30

Antigens on red cells

Front 31

Blood group antibody

Back 31

Ab that reacts specifically with antigens on red blood cells

Front 32

Hemolysin

Back 32

A substance that causes lysis of red blood cells

Front 33

Immunoglobulin

Back 33

Proteins that function as antibodies

Front 34

Alloantibody

Back 34

Antibody formed against a nonself antigen of the same species

Front 35

Autoantibody

Back 35

Antibody against self antigens

Front 36

Immunogen

Back 36

Stimulates an immune response

Front 37

Antigenic determinant

Back 37

Another term for epitope

Front 38

In vivo

Back 38

Taking place in a living organism

Front 39

In vitro

Back 39

In a lab

Front 40

Primary immune response

Back 40

Innate, natural, non specific

1st part: physical barriers

2nd part: opsonin, phago, natural killer cells, interleukin, complement

Front 41

Natural killer cells

Back 41

Large granular lymph

Secrete cytokines

Kill via non phagocytic methods

Front 42

Secondary immune response

Back 42

Acquired, adaptive, specific

Antibodies

Front 43

IgG

Back 43

Crosses placenta

Reacts best at 37C