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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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0/- grading |
no agglutination or hemolysis |
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+w grading |
tiny agglutinates, free cells in backround, visible microscopically |
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1+ grading |
small agglutinates, free red cells in backround. |
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2+ grading |
medium agglutinates, clear backround. |
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3+ grading |
several large agglutinates, clear background. |
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4+ grading |
one solid agglutinate. |
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forward typing |
using known sources of reagent antisera (antibodies) to detect antigen on an individuals red cells. |
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reverse typing |
using reagent cells with known ABO antigens and testing to plasma or serum of the patient for ABO antibodies |
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lectin from Dolichos biflorus will agglutinate red cells of which phenotype |
A1 and A1B it will differentiate A1 from A2 |
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what is the only antigen of the Rh system that is included in routine tests |
D |
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msot Rh antibodies result from antigenic stimulation by |
pregnancy or transfusion. |
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if the D control is positive can you interpret the result of the D typing |
cannot trust the D typing, the control should always be negative. |
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what does IAT determine |
in vitro sensitization of red cells. |
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IAT is used in what |
1. detection of patient antibodies in serum to donor red cells (compatibility testing) 2. detection of antibodies to screeing cells or panel cells (antibody screen and antibody identification) 3. determination of red cell phenotype using known antisera. |
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cells to be tested i the antiglobulin test are washed thoroughly to |
remove unbound protein |
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After the addition of check cells to a negative antiglobulin test, the test is invalid if there is |
no agglutination |
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3 potential causes of a false-negative antiglobulin test |
1. failure to wash cells adequately during the test procedure before addition of AHG reagent 2. failure to identify weak positive rxns 3. inappropriate red cell concentrations - red cell suspensions fall outside of optimal 2-5% |
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why are group O cells used for antibody screens and panels |
so the anti-A and anti-B will not react |
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Zeta potential |
Distance between cells caused by charged ions |
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clinically significant antibodies usually react at what phase |
AHG |
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What antibodies does gel system test for |
IgG |
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one advantage of the gel system |
easy to interpret |
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grading range of the gel system |
0-4+ |
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what suspension are screening cells for gel technology |
0.8% |
