Blood And Lymphatic Systems Terms For Medical Terminology For Healthcare

Front 1

blast/o

Back 1

germ or bud

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chrom/o
chromat/o

Back 2

color

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chyl/o

Back 3

juice

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immun/o

Back 4

safe

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lymph/o

Back 5

clear fluid

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myel/o

Back 6

bone marrow or spinal cord

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plas/o

Back 7

formation

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reticul/o

Back 8

a net

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splen/o

Back 9

spleen

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thym/o

Back 10

thymus gland

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plasma

Back 11

liquid portion of the blood and lymph; contains water, proteins, and cellular components

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serum

Back 12

liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting

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erthyrocyte

Back 13

red blood cell;

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

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hemoglobin

Back 14

protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

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leukocyte

Back 15

white blood cell; protects the body from harmful invading substances

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granulocytes

Back 16

a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm

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neutrophil

Back 17

a granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria

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polymophonuclear (PMN) leukocyte

Back 18

another term fro neutrophil, referring to many segments in its nucleus

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eosinophil

Back 19

granular leukocyte, named for the rose-colored stain of its granules, that increases in allergic and some infectious reactions

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basophil

Back 20

a granular leukocyte, named for its dark stain of its granules, that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues

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agranulocytes

Back 21

a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei

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lymphocyte

Back 22

an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity; the three categories of lymphocytes are T cells (thymus-dependent), B cells (bone marrow-derived) and natural killer (NK) cells

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monocyte

Back 23

an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection

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platelets

Back 24

thrombocytes; cell fragments int he blood that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation)

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Thymus

Back 25

primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum, that helps to maintain the body's immune response by adding T lymphocytes

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spleen

Back 26

organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides an environment for lymphocytes to initiate immune repsonses

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lymph

Back 27

fluid that is circulated through the lymph vessels

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lymph capillaries

Back 28

microscopic vessels that draw lymph from tissues to the lymph vessels

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lymph vessels

Back 29

vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes

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laceteals

Back 30

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream
(lacteus = milky)

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chyle

Back 31

white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals

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lymph nodes

Back 32

many small, oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels; major locations include the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

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lymph ducts

Back 33

collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins

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right lymphatic duct

Back 34

receives lymph from the right upper part of the body

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right lymphatic duct

Back 35

recieves lymph from the right upper part of the body

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thoracic duct

Back 36

receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities

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immunity

Back 37

process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen

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antigen

Back 38

a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it

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antibody

Back 39

a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body

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active immunity

Back 40

a long-lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies; developed either naturally, in response to an infection, or artificially, in response to the administration of a vaccine

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passive immunity

Back 41

a short-lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies

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microcytosis

Back 42

presence of small red blood cells

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macrocytosis

Back 43

presence of large red blood cells

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anisocytosis

Back 44

presence of red bood cells of unequal size (an = not or without)
(iso = equal)

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poikilocytosis

Back 45

presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells
(poikilo = irregular)

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erythoropenia

Back 46

an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

Front 47

lymphocytopenia

Back 47

an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes

Front 48

neutropenia

Back 48

a decreased number of neutrophils

Front 49

pancytopenia

Back 49

an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood

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thrombocytopenia

Back 50

an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process

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hemolysis

Back 51

breakdown of the red blood cell membrane

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immunocompromised

Back 52

impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents

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immunosuppresion

Back 53

impaired ability to provide an immune response

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lymphadenopathy

Back 54

enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes

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splenomegaly

Back 55

enlargements of the spleen

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Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 56

a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood

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anemia

Back 57

a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues

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aplastic anemia

Back 58

a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells

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iron deficiency anemia

Back 59

a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin

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pernicious anemia

Back 60

a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin b12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number

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autoimmune disease

Back 61

any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of autoimmune disease (auto = self)

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erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 62

a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood and a mother with Rh-negative blood, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; a blood transfusion is necessary to save the fetus

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Rh factor

Back 63

presence of lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which causes a reaction between Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative blood

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Rh positive

Back 64

presence of antigens

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Rh negative

Back 65

absence of antigens

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hemochromatosis

Back 66

hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body

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hemophilia

Back 67

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

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leukemia

Back 68

chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukoctyes in the blood and bone marrow

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myelodysplasia

Back 69

disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia

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lymphoma

Back 70

any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin's disease

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metastasis

Back 71

process in which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ; the plural form (metastases) indicates spreading of two or more distant sites

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mononucleosis

Back 72

condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

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polycythemia

Back 73

increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

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septicemia

Back 74

systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood

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phlebotomy
venipuncture

Back 75

incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing

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blood chemistry

Back 76

test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the amounts of its chemical constituents (e.g., glucose and cholesterol)

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blood chemistry panels

Back 77

specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood; used as a general screen for disease or to target specific organs or conditions (e.g., metabolic panel, lipid panel, and arthritis panel)

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basic metabolic panel (BMP)

Back 78

battery of tests used as a general screen for disease; includes tests for calcium, carbon dioxide (CO2), chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

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comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)

Back 79

tests performed in addition to the basic panel for expanded screening: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

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blood culture

Back 80

test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorgansisms; the specimen is observed, and the organisms that grow int he culture are identified

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CD4 cell count

Back 81

a measure of the number of CD4 cells (a subset of T lymphocytes) in the blood; used in monitoring the course of HIV and in timing the treatment of AIDS; the normal adult range is 600-1500 cells in a given volume of blood

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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Back 82

timed test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma

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partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Back 83

test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders

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prothrombin time (PT)

Back 84

test to measure activity of prothrombin int he blood

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thromboplastin

Back 85

substance present in tissues , platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation

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prothrombin

Back 86

protein substance int he blood that is essential to the clotting process

Front 87

complete blood count (CBC)

Back 87

a common laboratory blood test performed as a screen of general heath or for diagonstic purposes and typically includes the component tests that follow; test results are usually reported along with normal values so that the clinician can interpret the results based on the instrumentation used by the laboratory; normal ranges also may vary depending on the region and climate

Front 88

white blood count (WBC)

Back 88

a count of the number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated laboratory methods

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red blood count (RBC)

Back 89

a count of the number of red blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated lobratory methods

Front 90

hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb)

Back 90

a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin expressed in grams

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hematocrit (HCT or Hct)

Back 91

a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood

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blood indices

Back 92

calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells to classify an anemia

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mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV)

Back 93

calculation of the volume (size) individual red blood cells using HCT and RBC results
MCV = HCT/RBC

Front 94

mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin (MCH)

Back 94

calculation of the content (weight) of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell using HGB and RBC results:

MCH = HGB/RBC

Front 95

mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglboion concentration (MCHC)

Back 95

calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HgB and HCT results

MCHC = HGB/HCT

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differential count

Back 96

determination of the number of each type of white blood cell *leukocyte) in a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of the total examined

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red cell morphology

Back 97

as part of identifying and counting the white blood cells, the condition, size, and shape of red blood cells int he background of the smeared slide are noted (e.g., anisocytosis, poikilocytosis)

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platelet count (PCT)

Back 98

calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood; the normal adult range is 150,000-450,0000 platelets in a given volume of blood

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bone marrow aspiration

Back 99

needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination

Front 100

bone marrow biopsy

Back 100

pathologic examination fo bone marrow tissue

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lymphangiogram

Back 101

an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel obtained after injection of a contrast medium

Front 102

computed tomography (CT)

Back 102

full body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma

Front 103

positron-emission tomography (PET)

Back 103

scanning technique combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of anatomy and metabolic function within the body; useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response to therapy; commonly used in evaluating lymphoma

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bone marrow transplant

Back 104

transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production

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lymphadenectomy

Back 105

removal of a lymph node

Front 106

lymphadenotomy

Back 106

incision into a lymph node

Front 107

lymph node dissection

Back 107

removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathologic examination

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splenectomy

Back 108

removal of the spleen

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thymeectomy

Back 109

removal of the thymus gland

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blood transfusion

Back 110

introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner

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autologous blood

Back 111

blood donated by and stored for a patient for future personal use (e.g., upcoming surgery)
(auto = self)

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homologous blood

Back 112

blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient (homo = same)

Front 113

blood component therapy

Back 113

transfusion of a specific blood component, such as packed red blood cells, platelets, or plasma

Front 114

cross-matching

Back 114

method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility

Front 115

chemotherapy

Back 115

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or to impair their ability to reproduce

Front 116

immunotherapy

Back 116

use of biologic agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms, as seen in the treatment of AIDS, cancer, or allergy

Front 117

plasmapheresis

Back 117

removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements (e.g., platelets) followed by reinfusion (apharesis = a withdrawal)

Front 118

anticoagulant

Back 118

a drug that prevents clotting of the blood

Front 119

hemostatic

Back 119

a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels

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vasoconstrictor

Back 120

a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, thereby decreasing blood flow

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vasodilator

Back 121

a drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood flow