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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a hematocrit?
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The proportion, by volume, of the blood that consists of red blood cells.
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What are the normal hematocrit ranges for an adult woman?
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38% to 46%
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What are the normal hematocrit ranges for an adult man?
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42% to 54%
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What does someone have if they have a low hematocrit?
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Anemia.
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What does someone have if they have a high hematocrit?
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Elevated red blood cell counts.
High hematocrits can be seen in people living at high altitudes and in chronic smokers. Dehydration produces a falsely high hematocrit that disappears when proper fluid balance is restored. |
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What are the different components of blood?
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Red Cells (erythrocytes), White Cells (leukocytes), Platelets (thrombocytes), and Plasma.
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What is the percentage of the different components of blood?
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Erythrocytes - ~40-50%
Leukocytes - ~1% Plasma - ~55% |
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Names of all the leukocytes.
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lymphocytes - (immune system) seek out, identify, and bind to alien protein on bacteria, viruses, and fungi so that they can be removed
granulocytes & macrophages - arrive to surround and destroy the alien cells |
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What is the main function of the platelets?
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Blood clotting.
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Type A blood will have which antibody?
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B
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Type B blood will have which antibody?
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A
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Type AB blood will have which antibody?
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None.
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Type O blood will have which antibody?
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A and B.
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Define "agglutination".
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Clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies
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Define "coagulation".
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The process by which blood clots form. A damaged blood-vessel wall is covered by platelets, plugging up the site of injury.
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What type of agglutinogens will type A blood have?
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A
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What type of agglutinogens will type B blood have?
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B
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What type of agglutinogens will type AB blood have?
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A and B
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What type of agglutinogens will type O blood have?
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None.
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What are "agglutinins"?
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A substance that causes particles to coagulate to form a thickened mass.
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What is an antigen?
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It induces an immune response in the body, eg.) the production of antibodies.
*antigens on the blood, antibodies are in the plasma |
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What are the five types of leukocytes (WBCs)?
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Neutrophil, eosinophil (red ones), basophil (blue ones), lymphocyte, monocyte, and macrophage.
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Leukocytes can be split up into what two classifications?
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Granulocytes - characterized by the presence of differently staining granules in their cytoplasm when viewed under light microscopy.
Agranulocytes - leukocytes characterized by the apparent absence of granules in their cytoplasm. |
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Functions of neutrophils.
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Targets bacteria and fungi.
62% of leukocytes |
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Functions of eosinophils.
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Larger parasites, modulate allergic inflammatory responses.
2.3% of leukocytes *Red |
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Functions of basophils.
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Release histamine for inflammatory responses.
0.4% luekocytes *blue |
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Functions of lymphocytes.
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B cells release antibodies and assists activation of T cells.
Natural killer cells: virus-infected and tumor cells. 30% leukocytes |
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Functions of monocytes.
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Monocytes migrate from the bloodstream to other tissues and differentiate into tissue resident macrophages, Kupffer cells in the liver.
5.3% leukocytes. |
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Functions of macrophage.
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Phagocytosis (engulfment and digestion) of cellular debris and pathogens, and stimulation of lymphocytes and other immune cells that respond to the pathogen.
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Neutrophil.
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Eosinophil.
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Basophil.
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Lymphocyte.
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Monocyte.
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Macrophage.
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