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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Coronal suture
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Lies between frontal bone and 2 parietal bones
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Sagittal suture
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between 2 parietal bones
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Squamous suture
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between parietal bone and squamous part of temporal bone
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Lambdoid suture
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Between 2 parietal bones and occipital bone
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Junctions of the cranial sutures
PAs Never Intend Bad Luck |
-Pterion
-Asterion -Nasion -Inion -Bregma -Lambda |
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Pterion junction
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Craniometric point at junction of: Frontal, parietal, temporal bones & great wing of sphenoid
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Asterion
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CMP: Parietal, occipital, temporal (mastoid part)
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Nasion
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Middle of nasofrontal suture; intersection of frontal and 2 nasal bones
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Inion
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Most prominent point of external occipital protuberance; used as fixed point in craniometry
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Bregma
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Intersection of of sagittal and coronal sutures
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Lambda
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Intersection of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
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What forms the "soft spot" (fontanel) in infants
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Bregma
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Parts of temporal bone (MASS Z)
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Zygomatic arch
Mastoid Auditory meatus (external) Styloid Squamous |
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Flat portion of the temporal bone
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Squamous
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What is the last suture to close (around 11 months)
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Bregma
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___ contains vacuous air cells that communicates with middle ear
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Mastoid process
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Ecchymosis (bruising) of mastoid process
-Name -Indication |
-Positive Battle's Sign
-Basilar skull fracture |
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Zygomatic arch
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Cheek bone
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Smooth median prominence of the frontal bone
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Glabella
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Infratemporal fossa location
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Below, medial to zygomatic arch
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Nasion
-In relation to glabella -Becomes continuous with: |
-Inferior
-Nasal bones |
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Sockets for teeth
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Alveolar bone
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Chin portion of mandible is the ____ area
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Mental
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3 foramen where trigeminal nn. comes out
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Supraorbital
Infraorbital Mental foramen |
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Orbit made up by
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Frontal bone
Zygomatic Maxillary |
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Bones that is the central portion of the skull
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Sphenoid
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Sella Turcica
-Deep central depression: --Accommodates: -Lies directly above |
-Superior structure of sphenoid bone
-Hypophyseal fossa --Pituitary gland (hypophusis) -Sphenoid sinus |
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Anterior clinoid processes (2)
-Process of ____ |
-Lesser wing
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Posterior clinoid processes (2)
-Tubercle of ____ |
-each side of dorsum sellae
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-Clivus
-Formed by portions of ___ and __ |
Downward sloping surface from dorsum sellae to foramen magnum
-Body of sphenoid, basilar occipital |
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Lesser wing of sphenoid
-Forms anterior boundary of: -Forms ___ separating anterior from middle cranial fossa -Forms boundary of ______ fissure |
-Middle cranial fossa
-Sphenoid ridge -Superior orbital fissure |
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Greater wing of sphenoid
-Forms ___ and ___ of floor of middle cranial fossa -Openings (3) |
-Anterior wall, floor
--Foramen rotundum --Foramen ovale --Foramen spinosum |
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____ found between 2 wings; transmits:
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Superior orbital fissure and foramina; cranial nn.
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Foramen rotundum contains
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Maxillary division of trigeminal n.
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Foramen ovale contains
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Mandibular division of trigeminal n., accessory meningeal a.
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Foramen spinosum contains
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Middle meningeal a.
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Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
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Inferior projections of sphenioid
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Hammulus comes from
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Medial pterygoid plate
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Pterygoid fossa, hammulus, & 2 pterygoid plates are origin for:
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2 mm. of mastication
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Features of the scalp: SCALP
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Skin
Connective Tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periostium |
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Aponeurosis of scalphow
-O -I --How it moves -Name |
-Occipitalis, which is attached to skull
-Frontalis, not attached to skull -Galea aponeurotica |
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Loose connective tissue
-Forms ___ space -Contains ___ v. -Termed ___ because: |
-Subaponeurotic
-Emissary -Dangerous area; infection (blood and pus) can spread easily in it or from the scalp to intracranial sinuses by emissary |
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Emissary vv.
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valveless veins which normally drain external veins of the skull into the dural venous sinuses. However, because they are valveless, pus can flow into the skull through them as well, making them a possible route for transmission of extracranial infection to get into the skull.
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Loose connective tissue aka
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Areolar space
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Periostium
-Nerve/vascular -Layer of connective tissue of bone |
-Highly vascularize/innervated
-Outermost connective tissue of the bone |
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Where would scalping occur
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Loose connective tissue
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Frontalis m.
-O -I -A -N -V --Notes |
-galea aponeurotica
-skin of the eyebrow -elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead -temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII) -supraorbital and supratrochlear aa. --frontalis is the anterior belly of the epicranius muscle |
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Occipitalis
-O -I -A -N -V --Notes |
-superior nuchal line
-galea aponeurotica -pulls the scalp posteriorly; elevates the eyebrows -posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve (VII) -occipital a. --occipitalis is the posterior belly of the epicranius |
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How to tell if aponeurosis has been penetrated in scalp wound
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If wound gapes open
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Types of scalp wounds that will gape/not gape
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Coronal will, sagittal will not
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Muscles of the facial expression insert into
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Dermis of the skin
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Differentiating Bell's Palsy from stroke involves ___ m.
--How to |
Frontalis
-Bell's: Frontalis will not work -Stroke: it will, can raise eyebrows |
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Orbicularis oculi
-O -I -A -N -V -Notes |
--orbital part: medial orbital margin and the medial palpebral ligament;
--palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament --orbital part: skin of the lateral cheek; --palpebral part: lateral palpebral raphe -closes the eyelids -temporal & zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (VII) -supraorbital a., supratrochlear a., infraorbital a., angular branch of the facial a. -activated involuntarily in the blink reflex; the palpebral part is active in normal blinking and the orbital part is used to forcefully close the eye |
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Orbicularis oris
-O -I -A -N -V -Notes |
-skin and fascia of lips
-skin and fascia of lips -purses the lips -buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) -superior/inferior labial (from facial), mental a., infraorbital a. -the "kissing" muscle |
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Mentalis
-O -I -A -N -V |
-anterior, midline mandible
-skin of the chin -elevates the lower lip and skin of chin -marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII) -mental a., inferior labial branch of the facial a. |
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Zygomaticus major
-O -I -A -N -V |
-upper lateral zygomatic bone
-angle of the mouth -elevates and draws the corner of the mouth laterally; smile m. -zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) -transverse facial a., facial a. |
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Zygomaticus minor
-O -I -A -N -V |
-lower zygomatic bone
-lateral upper lip -elevates the upper lip; smile -buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) -transverse facial a., facial a. |
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Buccinator
-O -I -A -N -V -Notes |
-Pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, maxilla
-angle of mouth and the lateral portion of the lips -pulls the corner of mouth laterally; presses the cheek against the teeth keeping food centered on teeth -buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) -facial a. -although the buccinator is important in mastication, it is innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve and NOT by the buccal nerve from V3 (a sensory nerve) |
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Risorius
-O -I -A -N -V |
-fascia of the lateral cheek
-skin of the angle (corner) of the mouth -draws the corner of the mouth laterally; flattens lip; expressions of mirth -buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) -transverse facial a., facial a. |
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Procerus
-O -I -A -N -V |
-nasal bone
-skin between the eyebrows -depresses the medial corners of the eyebrows; bewitched nose wiggle -temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII) -supratrochlear a. |
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Nasalis
-O -I -A -N -V |
-maxilla above the incisor teeth and the canine teeth
-ala of the nose and midline aponeurosis -flattens the nose, flare the nostrils -buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) -superior labial branch of the facial a. |
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Levator anguli oris
-O -I -A -N -V |
-canine fossa of the maxilla
-angle of the mouth -elevates the angle of the mouth; a "smile" muscle -buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) -infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a. |
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Levator labii superioris
-O -I -A -N -V |
-Inferior margin of the orbit
-skin of the upper lip -elevates the upper lip, bare the upper incisor teeth, as in a sneer -buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) -infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a. |
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Depressor labii inferioris
-O -I -A -N -V |
-Anterior surface of the mandible
-skin of the lower lip -depresses the lower lip, bare the lower incisor teeth -marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII) -inferior labial branch of the facial a., mental a. |
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Depressor anguli oris
-O -I -A -N -V |
-oblique line of the mandible
-angle of the mouth -pulls the corner of the mouth downward, frowning -marginal mandibular & buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) -inferior labial branch of the facial a., mental a. |
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Auricularis anterior, superior, posterior
-O -I -A -N -V |
-Temporal fascia, epicranial aponeurosis, mastoid process
-Anterior,superior, posterior auricle -Facial (temporal/posterior auricular) -superficial temporal a., posterior auricular a. |
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Levator labii superiors alaeque nasi
-O -I -A -N -V |
-Frontal process of the maxilla
-ala of the nose and skin of the upper lip -elevates the upper lip and flares the nostril -buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII) -infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a. |
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Corrugator supercili
-o -i -a -n -v |
-Medial supraorbital margin
-Skin/rim of orbit -pulls eyebrows together medially- worried -temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII) -supratrochlear a. |
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-4 muscles of mastication (MTPP)
-Innervation |
Masseter
Temporalis Pterygoid -CN V |
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Temporalis m.
-O -I -A -N -V |
-temporal fossa and the temporal fascia
-coronoid process of the mandible, anterior surface of the ramus -elevates the mandible; retracts the mandible (posterior fibers) ; mastication -anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V) -anterior and posterior deep temporal aa. |
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Masseter
-O -I -A -N -V |
-zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
-lateral surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible -elevates the mandible; chewing -nerve to the masseter, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V) -masseteric branch of the maxillary a. |
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Medial pterygoid
-O -I -A -N -V |
-medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, tuberosity of the maxilla
-medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible -elevates and protracts the mandible; mirrors the masseter m. in position and action with the ramus of the mandible between the two mm. -medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V) -pterygoid branch of the maxillary a. |
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Lateral pterygoid
-O --Superior head --Inferior head -I --Superior --Inferior -A -N -V |
--greater wing of the sphenoid bone
--lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate - --capsule and & articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; --neck of the mandible -protracts the mandible; opens the mouth; active in grinding actions of chewing; the only one of the muscles of mastication that opens the mouth -lateral pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V) -pterygoid branch of the maxillary a. |
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Nasal cartilage (ASL)
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Alar
Septal Lateral |
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Herpes zoster is a reactivation of ____ occurring along ____ distribution
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Chicken pox; dermatomal
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Presentation of herpes zoster
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Tingling of nose, headache
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Internal carotid supplies____ and ____
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Neurocranium and eyes
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Scalp supplied mostly by
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External carotid
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___ and ___ aa. arise inside orbit
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Supratrochlear; supraorbital
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___ tends to produces inflammatory response from parotid gland
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Mumps
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Parotid gland is invested in ___; derived from
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Parotid sheath; investing layer of deep cervical fascia
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Parotid duct opens where:
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Adjacent to 2nd molar
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Occipital lymph nodes swell with
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Mononucleosis
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Mandibular lymph nodes swell with
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Strep throat
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Submental lymph nodes swell with
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Herpes
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