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129 Cards in this Set
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Actinobacillus ligneresii
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CATTLE
Wooden Tongue GM- Bacilli; fac. Anaerobe COMMENSAL- oral cavity or rumen |
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Actinomycese bovis
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CATTLE
Lumpy Jaw GM+ branching filaments; COMMENSAL MM in oral cavity and DT in animals |
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Fusobacterium Necrophorum
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CALF- DIPHTHERIA- oral(foul odor; necrotic material in cheek, FAD);and laryngeal necrobacillosis (less common- lesions in larynx; inflammed and edematous; moist painful cough & swallowing, FAD, salivation, rancid foul breath)
SWINE- BULLNOSE (necrotic rhinitis; cellutis of soft tissues of nose and face) GM- bacilli; long non-branching filaments; obligate anaerobe; COMMENSAL MM and Common inhabitant in env. of cattle |
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Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis
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CATTLE & SHEEP & GOATS - Johne's Disease (granulomatous Dz in GI of ruminants; chronic wt. loss & severe DIARRHEA; longer calving intervals; malabsorption & hypoproteinemia) (Diarrhea less severe in S & G's)
GM+ bacilli; acid fast; strict aerobe Found in intestinal tract of infected animals (shed in milk ad colostrum); can survive in soil; spread by ingestion of contaminated feces, milk, or colostrum ??ZOONOTIC?? (not proven) see note |
MAY be a cause of CROHN's Dz in humans if organism is not killed by pasteurization of milk
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Bovine Viral Diarrhea
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CATTLE (2mos-2yrs)
DIARRHEA (Death in calves) Flavivirus (ENV, +RNA) genus: Pestivirus |
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Rhinderpest
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CATTLE, SHEEP & GOATS,
DIARRHEA; fever, lymphopenia nasal and lacrimal discharges Paramyxovirus (ENV, -RNA) genus: morbilivirus high mortalitiy and morbidity NOT IN US |
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Rotavirus
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CATTLE (1-3wks)- White scours
GOATS & SHEEP, PIGS, HORSES & CATS(1-8wks)- Diarrhea CHICKENS & TURKEYS (<5wks)- watery droppings Reovirus (non-ENV; dsRNA) genus: Rotavirus Can be isolated from healthy animals (RT and/or GI) |
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Malignant Catarrhal Fever
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CATTLE
FATAL RESP. Dz (gen. lymphadenopathy, CNS signs, BILATERAL OPTHALMIA (corneal opacity starts in center and moves to periphery**imp diagnostic sign); Death in a week gamma Herpesvirus (ENV; dsDNA; intranuclear inclusions) feedlots in N.America- very contagious among cattle |
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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
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CATTLE(<1wk)- severe diarrhea full of gas bubbles
SHEEP & GOATS(<1wk)- diarrhea/depression PIGS(neonatal- profuse yellow watery diarrhea); (Post-weaning- watery diarrhea, FAD) PUPPIES(watery diarrhea) GM- bacilli, fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL of intestines of Humans and animals, SOIL, WATER, and on PLANTS GM- bacilli fac. anaerobe |
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Necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli
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CALVES-hemorrhagic colitis with ulcerative inflamm. lesions in colon--> sometimes get septecemic Dz.
PIGS- starts as ENTERITIS--> ENTEROCOLITIS(blood stained diarrhea & bacterimic spread to lungs is common) GM- bacilli, fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL of intestines of Humans and animals, SOIL, WATER, and on PLANTS ZOONOTIC |
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Shiga-toxin prod. Escherichia coli & Enterohemmorhagic e.coli
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CALVES (1-8wks)- enteritis and mucoid hemorrhagic diarrhea (dehydration, weakness, and depressed growth rate)death w/in 24-48hrs.
older CATTLE- acute enteritis--> FAD, (diarrhea may contain blood, usually mucus) PIGS(recent post-weaning)- EDEMA Dz, diarrhea GM+ bacilli; fac. anaerobe ZOONOTIC |
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Salmonella enterica
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CATTLE, HORSES, SWINE, DOGS, CATS, CHICKENS & TURKEYS
septicemic Dz in newborns with fever, depression, and death w/in 24-48hrs; Older animals: FAD, fluid diarrhea (usually w/mucus sometimes blood); occ. abd pain and tenesmus. GM- bacilli; fac. anaerobe non-lactose fermenting ZOONOTIC |
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Clostridium perfringens
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CALVES (<10days)-enterotoxemia (diarrhea, dysentery, acute abd. pain and aimless running. ng enteritis; diarrhea; etc.
GM+ bacilli; spore forming most are obilgate anaerobes (some can be aerotolerant) |
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Bovine Coronavirus
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CATTLE-(1-4wks)- Neonatal scours (anorexia, liquid yellow diarrhea(4-5days)
Coronavirus (ENV, +RNA, HA) |
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Dichelobacter nodosus
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SHEEP or GOATS
FOOT ROT- (soaking of foot) GM- bacilli obligate anaerobe |
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Fusobacterium necrophorum
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CATTLE
FOOT ROT- (damage, necrotizing cellulitis; lameness) GM- bacilli; long non-branching filaments; obligate anaerobe COMMENSALS of MM, fecal flora |
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Staphylococcus intermedius
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DOGS
PYODERMA (pus) GM+ cocci (clusters); fac. anaerobe; grows best aerobically COAG + COMMENSAL MM |
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Staphylococcus hyicus
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PIGS
GREASY PIG (exudative epidermititus) GM+ cocci (pair, short chains, or clusters) fac. anaerobe, grows best aerobically COAG + COMMENSAL Skin,nasal mucosa, conjunctive, vagina (trauma) |
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Streptococcus canis
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DOGS
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS & TOXIC SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME GM+ cocci; non-spore forming; (pairs or chains); aerotolerant anaerobe GROUP G COMMENSAL MM of URT, DT, and lower Genital tract |
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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SWINE- DIAMOND SKIN DISEASE or septicemia
SHEEP- POLYARTHRITIS TURKEYS- Bacterimic- cyanotic skin, droopy, unsteady, may die GM+ slender bacilli; fac. anaerobe; facultative intracellular parasites COMMENSAL OF ALT & Lymph tissues (tonsils); also slime of fish ZOONOTIC- erysipeloid |
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Erysipelothrix tonsillarum
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DOGS
VALVULAR ENDOCARDITIS and ARTHRITIS GM+ slender bacilli; fac. anaerobe; facultative intracellular parasites COMMENSAL OF ALT & Lymph tissues (tonsils); also slime of fish |
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Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis
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SHEEP & GOATS- CASEOUS LYMPHADENITIS (thick green pus)
CATTLE & HORSES- ULCERATIVE LYMPHANGITIS (lower limbs)(creamy green pus) GM+ diphtheroid; fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL MM, skin, ALT (also found in soil where these animals live) (need breaks in skin) |
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Clostridium septicum
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CATTLE, HORSES, PIGS, SHEEP & GOATS, CHICKENS & TURKEYS
MALIGNANT EDEMA BRAXY (FATAL)- SHEEP GM+; bacilli; spore-forming; anaerobic SOILS WW & Intestines of animals and humans |
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Clostridium novyi
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CATTLE- TYPE B strain- Black Dz (necrotic hepatitis)- death w/in 2 days
RAMS- TYPE A strain- BIGHEAD- Toxic endothelial damage--> edema of head, neck and thorax (death w/in 2 days) GM+; bacilli; spore-forming; anaerobic SOILS WW & Intestines of herbivores |
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Clostridium haemolyticum
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CATTLE & sheep- (C. novyi TYPE D)- REDWATER Dz (bacillary hemoglobinuria; FA; agalactia; icteric mm; rapid death)
GM+; bacilli; spore-forming; anaerobic SOILS WW, ruminant DT & liver |
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Clostridium chauvoei
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CATTLE
BLACKLEG (emphysematous necrotizing myositis)- endogenous (or ingestion or injury) only seen in cattle GM+; bacilli; spore-forming; anaerobic SOILS WW & Intestines, liver and other tissues of animals |
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Clostridium sordelli
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CATTLE, HORSES, SHEEP & GOATS
ALONE causes- fatal myositis & hepatic Dz In wound infections- assoc. with other C. species GM+; bacilli; spore-forming; anaerobic |
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Mycobacterium Lepraemurium
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CATS
FELINE LEPROSY (chronic noduloulcerative infection of skin; granulomas; painless) GM+ bacilli; acid fast; aerobic Bites of contact with INFECTED RATS |
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Dermatophilus congolensis
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CATTLE- Crusts and scaps
HORSES- RAIN ROT SHEEP & GOATS- STRAWBERRY FOOTROT & LUMPY WOOL GM+ braching filamentous rods; dimorphic, having branched filamentous "mycelia" with motile "zoospores (look like GM+ cocci)" fac. anaerobe Found on infected animals |
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Micosporum canis
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CATS- often subclinical, (noninflamm.)
DOGS- scaly, alopecic patches Dermatophyte- keratinophilic molds causing RINGWORM RESEVOIR- CATS ZOONOTIC |
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Microsporum nanum
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PIGS- tannish, crusty lesions (trunk), painless, margins slightly inflammed
Dermatophyte- keratinophilic molds causing RINGWORM RESEVOIR- SOIL ZOONOTIC |
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Microsporum gallinae
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CHICKENS & TURKEYS- whitish chalky scaling on combs & wattles
Dermatophyte- keratinophilic molds causing RINGWORM RESEVOIR- Chicken & Turkeys ZOONOTIC |
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Microsporum gypseum
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CANINE- spreading, scaling to inflamm. lesions, suppuration
HORSES- suppurative under alopecic thickened areas Dermatophyte- keratinophilic molds causing RINGWORM RESEVOIR- SOIL ZOONOTIC |
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Trichophyton mentagrphytes
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DOGS & CATS- spreading, scaling to inflamm. lesions, secondary suppuration
Dermatophyte- keratinophilic molds causing RINGWORM RESEVOIR- RODENTS ZOONOTIC |
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Trichophyton verrucosum
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CATTLE- painless think white placques, local alopecia
Dermatophyte- keratinophilic molds causing RINGWORM RESEVOIR- CATTLE ZOONOTIC |
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Trichophyton equinum
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HORSES- dry scaly noninflamm. lesions, sore to touch
Dermatophyte- keratinophilic molds causing RINGWORM RESEVOIR- HORSES ZOONOTIC |
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Malassezia pachydermatis
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DOGS
DERMATITIS- otitis externa; seborrhea, alopecia, excoriationw/ erythema, lichenification, hyperpigmentation, pruritis. SMALL BUDDING YEASTS (LIPOPHILLIC!!) Colonize skin and mucocutaneous regions of healthy mammals. Infections ENDOGENOUS Infection occurs due to increase lipids & moisture and compromised stratum corneum. |
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Atypical Mycobacterium
M. fortuitum M. smegmatis M. chelonae |
CATS- ulcerative lesions
GM+ bacilli; acid fast; aerobic Bites or contact with RATS |
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Sporothrix schenkii
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HORSES- ULCERATIVE LYMPANGITITS (pyogranulomatous)
dimorphic saprophytic fungi; saprophytic form- mold w/ septate mycelium; conidia formed on conidiophores; pathogenic form- (in tissues) budding pleimorphic yeasts FOUND IN ENVIRONMENT (plant material and soil WW) |
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Histoplasma capsulatum var. faciminosum
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HORSES- ULCERATIVE LYMPHANGITIS (pyogranulomatous)(epizootic- chronic contagious Dz)
Dimorphic fungus- mold when saprophytic; budding yeast in tissues Enter via wounds and abrasions (NONENDEMIC areas- infected are culled) |
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Streptobacillus moniliformis
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HUMANS- RAT BITE FEVER (systemic; polyarthritis or synovitis; may be fatal)
GM- pleomorphic bacillus; fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL of URT of RAT and other rodents |
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Bartonella henselae
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HUMANS- CAT SCRATCH Dz
GM- bacilli; aerobic Natural intraerythrocytic parasites of CATS (transmitted b/w cats thru fleas) |
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Clostridium difficle
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FOALS- NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS- SEVERE DIARRHEA (may contain blood)
DOGS- Chronic diarrhea (may contain blood) GM+ bacilli; spore forming; most are obligate anaerobes, but can be aerotolerant COMMENSAL GI of healthy and sick animals; Dz due to ENDOGENOUS infection (stress) |
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Clostridium piliforme
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FOALS, DOGS, MICE- TYZZER'S Dz (Lethargy, depression, anorexia, abd. discomfort & distension, hepatomegaly; death w/in 24-48hrs)
GM+ bacilli; spore forming; most are obligate anaerobes, but can be aerotolerant obligate intracellular pathogen (grows in hepatocytes); commensal in intestinal tract--> invades liver via lymphatics & blood vessels after host is stressed |
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Prototheca zopfii
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DOGS- COLITIS (bloody diarrhea, wt. loss, OCULAR involvement-red painful eyes & blindness, cloudy bilaterally)
(usually only in IMMUNOSUPPRESSED or IMMUNOCOMPROMISED animals) Saprophytic achlorophyllus algae UBIQUITOUS IN NATURE |
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Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli
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DOGS, CATS- FEBRILE ENTERITIS (often assymp.)
GM- curved bacilli; microaerophillic COMMENSAL GI of mammals and birds ZOONOTIC (raw milk and poultry) most common cause of gastroenteritis in humans in US |
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Lawsonia intracellularis
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PIGS- PROLIFERATIVE ENTEROPATHY (post-weaned (6-20wks), dz is chronic) (anorexia, dullness, apathy, sometimes irregular diarrhea, wt. loss.
(4-12mos) less commonly--> acute hemorrhagic anemia (prod. of black tarry feces, die w/o any signs) OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR (epithelial cells) GM- curved bacilli COMMENSAL Intestinal tract of swine |
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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
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PIGS- SWINE DYSENTERY (diarrhea due to inflamm. response)
GM- (thin); O2 tolerant anaerobes; SPIROCHETES (loosly coiled); axial filaments b/w their inner and outer membranes for motility In GI of animals that have Dz or have recently recovered from the Dz |
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Mannheimia haemolytica
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CATTLE- SHIPPING FEVER (fibrinous pleuropneumonia or bronchopneumonia);(fever, inapp, listlessness, dyspnea, coughing, mucopurulent nasal discharge, crusty nose, ocular discharge, abnormal lung sounds)
SHEEP & GOATS- SECONDARY PNEUMONIA (similar signs as Shipping Fever in Cattle) GM- coccobacilli (bipolar); fac. anaerobe; capsule; stain like saftey pin Freq. inhabitant of nasopharynx; infections usually ENDOGENOUS due to STRESSORS |
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Pasteurella multocida
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CATTLE, SWINE, SHEEP & GOATS- secondary invader to other bac or viruses and causes PNEUMONIA (acute infections- dyspnea, prostration, high fever); (subacute- cough, abd. breathing, and decreased wt. gain)
SWINE- in conjunction w/ Bordetella brochiseptica- ATROPHIC RHINITIS (disappearance of nasal turbinates; sneezing, epistaxix, distortion of facial structure) RABBITS- SNUFFLES (mucopurulent rhinitis; conjunctivitis; lethargic, anorexic) GM- coccobacilli (bipolar); fac. anaerobe; capsule; stain like saftey pin COMMENSAL URT & GI of variety of animals (most infections ZOONOTIC |
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Actinobacillus equuli
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FOALS- septicemia, maybe pneumonia as well
GM- sm. bacilli or coccobacilli; fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL OF Mucosal surfaces |
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Actinobacillus pleuopneumoniae
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PIGS- SEVERE FIBRINOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA (acute- fever, apathy, inapp, resp. distress w/ dyspnea, cough)
(chronic- intermittent cough, not really gaining wt., dec. appetite, excercise intolerant) GM- sm. bacilli or coccobacilli; fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL of Mucosal surfaces |
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Haemophilus parasuis
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PIGS- BRONCHOPNEUMONIA secondary to viral infection
GM- bacilli or filaments; fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL of NASOPHARYNX of swine |
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Avibacterium paragallinarum
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CHICKENS- INFECTIOUS CORYZA (nasal discharge, facial swelling, lacrimation, anorexia, diarrhea, decreased food and water consumption; dec. wt. gain and egg prod)
GM- bacilli or filaments; fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL URT of sick animals or those recovering from illness |
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Histophilus somni
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CATTLE- PNEUMONIA (usually in animals coinfected w/ M. haemolytica) & NEURO Dz (thrombo menigoencephalitis)
GM- bacilli; fac. anaerobe Persists at mucosal sites in diseased and subclin. animals |
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Bordetella bronchiseptica
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PIGS- Non-progressive ATROPHIC RHINITIS (sneezing, snuffling, & mucopurulent discharge)
DOGS- KENNEL COUGH (usually assoc. w/ concurrent viral infection (adeno or parainfluenza) (paroxysmal coughing, retching, expectoration of mucus) GM- bacilli or coccobacilli; aerobic Found in URT of dogs, cats, swine, rabbits, horses, rats and g. pigs |
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Bordetella avium
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TURKEYS- TURKEY CORYZA (young poults; sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, and airsacculitis--> sneezing, nasal exudate, conjunctivitis, tracheal rales, dyspnea, dec. activity & feeding, huddling)
GM- bacilli or coccobacilli; aerobic Found in URT of dogs, cats, swine, rabbits, horses, rats and g. pigs |
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Avian Escherichia coli
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CHICKEN & TURKEYS- secondary invader in birds after viral or mycoplasma resp. Dz- AIRSACCULITIS
GM- bacilli; fac. anaerobe COMMENSAL of lower GI; can also colonize pharynx and trachea; abundant in env. inhabited by animals. |
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Chlamydophila psittaci
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YOUNG PSITTACINE birds- don't feed, mucopurulent nasal discharge, copious ocular exudate, yellowish-green diarrhea; birds die of dehydration and emaciation
TURKEYS- inapp, wt. loss, red. egg prod., greenish-yellow gelatinous droppings; infection starts in resp. tract--> AIRSACCULITIS and PNEUMONIA GM-, replicate by binary fission Found in resp, intestinal, and genital tracts of mammals and birds ZOONOTIC |
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Streptococcus equi ssp. equi
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HORSES- STRANGLES (contagious rhinopharyngitis; FAD, serous nasal discharge--> copius and purulent; severe pharyngitis and laryngitis often seen; head may be extended due to relieve pain in throat--> abcesses in regional LN.
GM+ cocci (pairs or chains); non-spore forming; most are aerotolerant (some strict anaerobes) MM in URT, Lower genital tract, and DT. |
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Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus
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HORSES- SECONDARY PNEUMONIA
GM+ cocci (pairs or chains); non-spore forming; most are aerotolerant (some strict anaerobes) MM in URT, Lower genital tract, and DT. |
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Streptococcus canis
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CATS- CERVICAL LYMPHADENITIS, PHARYNGITIS, and TONSILLITIS (fever, anorexia, coughing and dyspnea)
GM+ cocci (pairs or chains); non-spore forming; most are aerotolerant (some strict anaerobes) COMMENSAL IN DOGS |
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Streptococcus suis
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PIGS- PNEUMONIA
GM+ cocci (pairs or chains); non-spore forming; most are aerotolerant (some strict anaerobes) MM in URT, Lower genital tract, and DT. |
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Rhodococcus equi
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FOALS (1-5mos)- SUPPURATIVE BRONCHOPNEUMONIA (large abcesses in lungs and bronchial LN; fever, inc. RR, cough, nasal discharge, depression)
GM+ encapsulated bacilli or cocci; strict aerobe; variably acid-fast SOIL and ANIMAL MANURE ZOONOTIC in Immunocompromised people (pyogranulomatous pneumonia) |
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Mycobacterium bovis
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CATTLE- PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS (Acute- extensive necrosis in lungs)
(Chronic- coughing, progressive emaciation, erratic appetite, low grade fever) (Host can harbour organism in granulomatous lesions, which can reactivate if host is immune suppressed) GM+ bacilli; acid-fact; strict aerobe Found in animals with TB ZOONOTIC thru unpasteurized milk--> hunchback |
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Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium
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CHICKENS- TUBERCULOSIS (infection usually via alimentary canal but pulmonary involvement is common)
GM+ bacilli; acid-fact; strict aerobe Found in animals with TB ZOONOTIC--> severly immunocompromised humans (AIDS) |
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Nocardia asteroides & Nocardia nova
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DOGS- NECROTIZING PNEUMONIA with PLEURAL EMPHYSEMA (mucopurulent nasal discharge, anorexia, wt. loss, cough and dyspnea) Usually in animals that are immunosuppressed or immunocompromised
GM+ filamentous bacilli; variably acid fast; strict aerobes SOIL, WATER, VEGETABLE MATTER |
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Mycoplasma gallisepticum
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CHICKENS & TURKEYS & other BIRDS- CHRONIC RESP TRACT AND AIR SAC Dz (coughing, nasal discharge, tracheal rales, poor growth, dec. egg prod.; SINUSITIS common in TURKEYS)
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma meleagridis
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TURKEYS- mild or inapparent AIRSACCULITIS
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma mycoides ssp mycoides (small colony type)
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CATTLE- CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA (CBPP) range from subclin. to severe acute dz that can be fatal (resp. distress, nasal discharge, reluctance to move; severe symp--> open-mouth breathing with extended neck)
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma bovis
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CATTLE- PNEUMONIA
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma dispar
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CATTLE- BRONCHIOLITIS or ALVEOLITIS
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (large colony type)&
Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. capri |
GOATS- PLEUROPNEUMONIA that can preceded a rapidly fatal septicemia
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capripneumoniae
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GOATS- CONTAGIOUS CAPRINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA (CCPP) (resp. distress, nasal discharge, reluctance to move)
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
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SHEEP- PNEUMONIA assoc w/ other resp tract paths.
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
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PIGS- WIDESPREAD PNEUMONIC Dz- mild but chronic (nonproductive cough and delayed wt. gain)
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma felis
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EQUINE- SELF-LIMITING PLEURITIS following EXERTION
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Mycoplasma pulmonis
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RATS and MICE- low grade RESP. Dz (wheezing due to purulent nasal exudate & rubbing of eyes and nose)
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes MM in URT, DT, and genital tract of hosts they infect |
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Aspergillus fumigatus and flavus
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HORSES- ASPERGILLOSIS (infection of gutteral pouch--> epistaxis, fever, cough, nasal discharge, and inapp.; aquired thru MOLDY HAY)
DOGS- (fumigatus) NASAL ASPERGILLOSIS (profuse nasal discharge, nasal pain, ulceration of external nares, sneezing, may have underlying T or B cell deficiencies) CHICKENS & TURKEYS (fumigatus)- BROODER PNEUMONIA (after exposure to heavily contaminated feed or litter)(dyspnea, gasping, accelerated breathing, inapp, listlessness, wt. loss; fungal growth in bronchioles and surrounding parenchyma incduces SUPPURATIVE EXUDATE) MOLDS; septate hyphae; asexual reproductive phialoconidia form on conidiophores SOIL, VEGETATION, FEED (MOLDY HAY, COMPOST, SILAGE, LITTER) |
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Moraxella bovis
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CATTLE (moreso in young)- PINKEYE (keratoconjunctivitis) (copius watery lacrimation, blepharospasm, and photophobia--> sm. opacity in center--> cover whole cornea--> maybe complete blindness)
GM- coccobacilli (often in pairs; diplobacilli) Aerobes COMMENSAL on CONJUNCTIVA and URT mucosa in cattle (FACE FLIES trans b/w infected cattle) |
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Mycoplasma bovoculi
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CATTLE- SEROUS DISCHARGE and CONJUNCTIVAL HYPEREMIA (less severe than moraxella bovis; can have concurrent infection with it)
NO CELL WALL; membranes contain CHOLESTEROL derived from HOST; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes |
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Chlamydophila pecorum
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SHEEP & GOATS- petechial hemorrhages, conjunctival lymphoid follicles and corneal edema--> severe hyperemia, neutrophil infiltrates in cornea and corneal ulcerations
GM- OBLIGATE INTRACELLUAR (can't be seen by gm staining) In Resp, Intestinal and genital tracts of mammals ZOONOTIC |
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OCULAR INFECTIONS IN SMALL RUMINANTS (Sheep & Goats)
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Chalmydophila pecorum
Mycoplasma conjunctivae- mild and self-limiting (lacrimation & injected conjunctival vessels; occ. keratitis) Moraxella (Branhamella)- GM- diplococci; infection usually secondary to C. pecorum or M. conjunctivae) |
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OCULAR INFECTIONS IN HORSES
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Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus
Streptococcus equisimilis Actinobacillus equuli Pseudomonas aeruginosa- (GM- bacilli; aerobic; corneal ulcers that are slow to heal (All found in env. of horses and usually cause Dz after trauma) Aspergillus fumigatus- KERATOMYCOSIS (infection usually follows prolonged tx w/ topical ABs or steroids; cornea becomes opaque and vascularized) |
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MOST COMMON CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN HORSE
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Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona! RECURRENT UVEITIS (bacteria spread systemically to eye; recurrent episodes of inflammation of one or both eyes occurs)
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OCULAR INFECTIONS IN DOGS
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1. COAGULASE + STAPHYLOCCI
2. alpha or beta hemolytic STREPTOCOCCI 3. STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS 4. ESCHERICHIA COLI 5. PROTEUS MIRABILIS (They cause corneal ulcers with creamy white infiltrate; purulent ocular discharge) 6. Aspergillus- KERATOMYCOSIS (occurs with some predisposoing cond. such as, glucocorticoid therapy, diabetes, or long term AB therapy) |
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OCULAR INFECTIONS IN CATS
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Chlamydophila felis- (starts unilaterally--> bilaterally w/in a few days; ocular discharge & blepharospasm; POTENTIAL ZOONOSIS)
Mycoplasma felis Mycoplasma gatae (These 2 result in serous to mucoid conjunctivitis w/ edematous conjunctiva (no corneal involvement) |
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Histophilus somni
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CATTLE- (6-12mos)THROMBOTIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS (neuro signs are preceeded for 1-2 wks by DYSPNEA and a DRY HARSH COUGH; fever, depression, eyes partially or fully closed, ataxia, weakness, knuckling over, RAPIDLY FATAL in 8-12 hrs.)
GM-bacilli; fac. anaerobe Mucosal sites in Dz'ed and subclin. animals; most common colonizing resp tract. |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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CATTLE, SHEEP & GOATS- ENCEPHALITIS, CIRCLING Dz, SILAGE Dz (anorexia, depression, fever in early stage then disappears, animals circle in one direction, head tilts to one side or ear droops, unilateral facial paralysis--> animal will become recumbent and unable to rise)
GM+ bacilli; fac. anaerobe SOIL, SEWAGE, WATER, SILAGE, and Alimentary tract of variety of animals ZOONOTIC |
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Streptococcus suis
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PIGS (few weeks post-weaning)- MENINGITIS (development assoc. w/ stresses of moving, mixing of pigs, overcrowding, and poor ventilations) (1st sign inc. rectal temp--> anorexia and depression, then signs of MENINGITIS incl. incoordination & unusual stances such as on toes--> inability to stand, paddling, opisthotonus, and convulsions, ears often retracted to head; also causes septicemia, arthritis and pneumonia)
GM+ cocci (pairs or chains); non-spore forming; anaerobic COMMENSAL of URT, esp tonsils, of healthy pigs ZOONOTIC (rare but FATAL) EPIDEMICS--> 1st signs may be sudden death |
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Clostridium tentani
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ALL SPECIES but cat and avian spp.- SPASTIC PARALYSIS (Horses and humans most susceptible) (gen. increase in muscle stiffness, muscle tremor, trismus (motor distubance of trigeminal nerve) w/ restriction of jaw movements, prolapse of 3rd eyelid, stiffness in hind limbs causing unsteady, straddling gait and the tail is held out stiff)
(Early stages- animals continue to eat and drink but mastication is soon prevented by tetany of masseter muscles; saliva may drool from mouth) As Dz progresses, muscular tetany increases; animal adopts SAWHORSE posture; walking becomes difficult and animals tend to fall; once down can't really get up; DEATH due to RESP ARREST. GM+ bacilli; obligate anaerobe; spore-forming, which are terminally located SOIL contaminated with FECES; often transient in INTESTINES of animals; WW; entry thru penetrating wounds HUMANS GET IT TOO!!! (not really zoonotic though) |
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Clostridium botulinum
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CATTLE, HORSES, SHEEP&GOATS, BIRDS/TURKEYS/CHICKENS
FLACCID PARALYSIS (Muscle weakness starts in hindquarters and progressed to the forequarters, head and neck; restlessness, incoordination, stumbling, knuckling, ataxia, and inability to rise or lift head; animals are found with head on the ground or turned into the flank; sensation & consciousness are retained until death; paralysis of chest muscle result in terminal abd. type respiration) SHEEP- (don't show flaccid paralysis until final stages of disease; early signs- stiffness while walking, and incoordination; head may be heald to one side or bobbed up and down while walking. Terminal stages- abd. resp and limb paralysis are seen--> RAPID DEATH) BIRDS- (flaccid paralysis of legs, wings, neck and eyelids progress cranially from the legs; initially birds are sitting and relunctant to move; appear lame and wings droop LIMBERNECK-comes from appearance of paralyzed neck--> DEATH due to RESP. and CARDIAC failure) FOALS (3-8wks old)- SHAKER FOAL SYNDROME (sudden onset of severe muscular weakness and prostration; foal goes down and is unable to rise; animal appears bright and alert; gross muscle tremor is obvious if foal is held up; animal goes through periods of rising then onset of tremor, recumbency, and complete prostration; when animal can walk the walk is stiff and stilted and the toes are dragged; later peristalsis is halted and pupils dilate--DEATH ~72 hrs after onset of signs due to resp failure. GM+ bacilli; spore-forming, which are subterminally located; obligate anaerobe GROWS on decomposing animal or plant material; COMMENSAL of ALIMENTARY TRACT OF HERBIVORES; DISEASE IS an INTOXICATION rather than an infection |
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Crytococcus neoformans
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DOGS & CATS & HUMANS
Infections localizes to CNS following dissemination from lungs (Depression, changes in temperament, seizures, circling, head pressing, ataxia, loss of smell, and blindness; ulcerative lesions in MM in nose, mouth and pharynx also common-hematogenous spread) YEAST-forms single buds attached by slender stalks; sexually reproducing phase is a basidiomycete BIRD, esp pigeons, carry fungus in their INTESTINAL TRACT; not contagious |
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Name the bacteria that causes ascending UTIs in Cattle.
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Corynebacterium renale
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Name the 2 bacteria that can cause infertility in Cattle.
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Campylobacter fetus ssp. veneralis
Mycoplasma bovigenitalium |
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Name the 5 bacteria that can cause ABORTIONs in Cattle.
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Leptospira serovars pomona, hardjo
Campylobacter fetus ssp. veneralis Brucella abortus Ureaplasma diversum Listeria monocytogenes |
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Name the 4 bacteria that can cause vulvovaginitis/endometritis in Cattle.
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Campylobacter fetus ssp. veneralis
Mycoplasma bovigenitalium Ureaplasma diversum Listeria monocytogenes |
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Name the bacteria that can cause ABORTIONS in horses.
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Leptospira serovars pomona, grippotyphosa, icterohaemmorrhagiae
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Name the bacteria that causes acute ENDOMETRITIS in horses.
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Taylorella equigenitalis
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Name the bacteria that can cause ascending UTIs in pigs.
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Actinobaculum suis
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Name the 2 bacteria that can cause ABORTIONS in pigs.
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Leptospira serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, grippotyphosa
Brucella suis |
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Name the bacteria that can cause UTI's and PIZZLE ROT in male sheep and goats.
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Corynebacterium renale
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Name the 4 bacteria that can cause abortions in sheep.
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Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus
Brucella melitensis, ovis Chlamydophila abortus Listeria ivanovii |
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Name the 3 bacteria that can cause abortions in goats
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Brucella melitensis
Chlamydophila abortus Listeria ivanovii |
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Name the bacteria that causes abortion storms in sheep and goats.
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Brucella melitensis
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Name the 6 bacteria that can cause UTIs (ascending) in dogs.
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Escherichia coli (Necrotoxigenic)
Enterococcus spp. Coagulase + staphylococci Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Name the 2 bacteria that can cause abortions in dogs.
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Leptospira serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, grippotyphosa
Brucella melitensis biovar canis |
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Name the bacteria that can cause renal involvement, hepatic dz, as well as other systemic dz's and abortions in dogs.
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Leptosira serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, grippotyphosa
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Name the 4 urogenital bacteria that are ZOONOTIC.
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Leptospira serovars
Brucella spp.- UNDULANT FEVER Chlamydophila abortus Listera monocytogenes |
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Classify Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella spp. in regards to urogential tract infections.
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FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
GM- bacilli, fac. anaerobe DOGS- UTI that can lead to ascending infections-->bladder (cystitis), inducing inflammation leading to dysuria, pollakuria, and urgency, hematuria, and incontinence. Can get infection spread to kidneys (pyelonephritis); fever, pain over the kidneys, depression, and anorexia. Type I pili/ P (pap) pili (UPEC). Proteus Mirabilis produces urease (making urine alkaline, leading to production of uroliths) Organisms are found in intestines and soil, water and on plants |
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Classify Enterococcus in regards to urogenital tract infections.
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GM+ cocci in pairs or chains.
DOGS- UTI that can lead to ascending infections-->bladder (cystitis), inducing inflammation leading to dysuria, pollakuria, and urgency, hematuria, and incontinence. Can get infection spread to kidneys (pyelonephritis); fever, pain over the kidneys, depression, and anorexia. Commensal of alimentary tract of animals. |
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Classify Coagulase + Staphylococci spp. in regards to urogential tract infections.
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GM+ cocci in clusters, pairs or short chains.
DOGS- UTI that can lead to ascending infections-->bladder (cystitis), inducing inflammation leading to dysuria, pollakuria, and urgency, hematuria, and incontinence. Can get infection spread to kidneys (pyelonephritis); fever, pain over the kidneys, depression, and anorexia. Commensals of distal nasal passages, external nares, skin (esp. near perineum, external genitalia, and bovie udder) |
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Classify Pseudomonas aeruginosa in regards to urogenital tract infections.
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GM- bacillus
DOGS- UTI that can lead to ascending infections-->bladder (cystitis), inducing inflammation leading to dysuria, pollakuria, and urgency, hematuria, and incontinence. Can get infection spread to kidneys (pyelonephritis); fever, pain over the kidneys, depression, and anorexia. Soil and Water |
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Characterize Corynebacterium renale.
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GM+ diphtheroid, fac. anaerobe
CATTLE- UTIs-> ascending infections--> cystitis, ureteritis, and then pyelonephritis; most common in cows near parturition; pollakuria, hematuria, and increasing abdominal pain; chronic cases can lead to debilitation and death due to uremia. SHEEP & GOATS- MALES- posthitis (PIZZLE ROT!); necrotizing inflammation of the prepuce and adjacent tissues--> occurs mostly with animal on rich legume pastures high in proteins VIRULENCE- Adherent bacteria produce urease--> ammonia makes urine alkaline, suppressing complement, enhancing survival of bacteria in bladder; also induces tissue damage, resulting in inflamm. response that furthers damage. Commensal of lower genital tract of ruminants (infections usually endogenous; bacterium trans venerally by contaminated urine) |
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Characterize Actinobaculum suis.
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GM+ diphtheroid, obligate anaerobe.
PIGS- UTI's-> ascending infections; mostly cystitis but also ureteritis and pyelonephritis. (URINE contains CLOTS of BLOod and PURULENT material) VIRULENCE- fibrillar surface structures for attachment to uroepithelium; adherent bacteria produce urease--> ammonia makes urine alkaline, suppressing complement, enhancing survival of bacteria in the bladder. COMMENSAL of prepuce in male pigs, rarely isolated from FEMALE PIGS; transmission is VENEREAL. (Dz often related to breeding, pregnancy, and partuition.) |
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Characterize Leptospira spp. in regards to Urogenital tract infections.
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GM- Spirochetes (tightly coiled w/ hooked ends); obligate aerobes
DOGS- initial signs-->depression, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea; acute dz--> fever, shivering, and muscle tenderness--> vomiting, dehydration, tachypnea, coag. defects (FATAL); subacute dz--> FAD, vomting, dehydration and increased thirst, coughing, dyspnea, and signs of renal deterioration (oliguria or anuria) CATTLE- fever, diarrhea, anemia, icterus, and hemoglobinuria (fatal 5-15%) ABORTION, reproductive failure and infertility, MILK DROP SYNDROME. PIGS- Unthriftiness, ABORTION, fever, icterus, anemia EQUINE- Icterus and depression--> ABORTION and periodic ophthalmia (recurrent attacks lead to blindness) VIRULENCE- bacteria down-regulate outer membrane protein synthesis, which aids in persistance in the host; also produce a membrane damaging toxin; most damage due to induction of inflamm. response Bacteria are maintained in the tubules of mammalian kidneys. ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus.
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GM- curved bacillus; microaerophilic
SHEEP- aborions; placentitis VIRULENCE- S-layer protein that forms paracrystalline arrays on the surface of bacteria; inhibiting the deposition of complement. COMMENSAL of intestines of healthy sheep and cattle; trans by ingestion of material contaminated with organism |
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Characterize Campylobacter fetus ssp. venerealis
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GM- curved bacillus; microaerophilic.
CATTLE- infertility and ABORTION VIRULENCE- S-layer protein that forms paracrystalline arrays on the surface of bacteria; inhibiting the deposition of complement. Found in preputial crypts of bulls and the vagina of carrier animals. |
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Characterize the bacteria Brucella abortus.
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GM- coccobacilli; strict aerobes
CATTLE- BANGS Dz; ABORTION (5th month); lameness and mastitis may also be present; MALES- epididymitis and orchitis VIRULENCE- fac. intracellular parasites of macrophages; prevent phagolysosome fusion and multiply in the phagosome; produce superoxide dismutase and catalase, which help them avoid being killed by respiratory burst. Found in infected animals; trans by ingestion, penetration of skin, and inhalation ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize the bacteria Brucella melitensis.
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GM- coccobacilli; strict aerobes
GOATS AND SHEEP- ABORTION; Mastitis in goats; ABORTION STORMS; MALES- orchitis VIRULENCE- fac. intracellular parasites of macrophages; prevent phagolysosome fusion and multiply in the phagosome; produce superoxide dismutase and catalase, which help them avoid being killed by respiratory burst. Found in infected animals; trans by ingestion, penetration of skin, and inhalation ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize the bacteria Brucella ovis.
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GM-coccobacilli; strict anaerobes
SHEEP- late ABORTIONS and STILLBIRTHS; Infertility in MALES due to epididymitis--> Fever, depression, and inc. resp. rates, acute edema and inflammation of the scrotum VIRULENCE- fac. intracellular parasites of macrophages; prevent phagolysosome fusion and multiply in the phagosome; produce superoxide dismutase and catalase, which help them avoid being killed by respiratory burst. Found in infected animals; trans by ingestion, penetration of skin, and inhalation ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize the bacteria Brucella suis.
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GM- coccobacilli; strict aerobes
SWINE- Sterility and ABORTIONS; heavy piglet mortality; MALES- orchitis; extragenital manifestations include lymphadenitis, arthritis in the large joints of the limbs, and lumbar spondylitis VIRULENCE- fac. intracellular parasites of macrophages; prevent phagolysosome fusion and multiply in the phagosome; produce superoxide dismutase and catalase, which help them avoid being killed by respiratory burst. Found in infected animals; trans by ingestion, penetration of skin, and inhalation ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize the bacteria Brucella canis.
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GM- coccobacilli; stict aerobes
DOGS- ABORTIONS (45-60days); conception failures common; MALES- enlarged scrotum due to enlargement of the tail of the epididymis; not commonly--> meningoencephalitis, osteomyelitis, discospondylitis, and anterior uveitis. VIRULENCE- fac. intracellular parasites of macrophages; prevent phagolysosome fusion and multiply in the phagosome; produce superoxide dismutase and catalase, which help them avoid being killed by respiratory burst. Found in infected animals; trans by ingestion, penetration of skin, and inhalation ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize the bacteria Taylorella equigenitalis.
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GM-coccobacillus; fac. anaerobe
EQUINE- contagious equine METRITIS- approx. 8-10 days after breeding to an infected stallion, acute endometritis occurs--> odorless mucopurlent uterine discharge--> may lead to INFERTILITY VIRULENCE- CAPSULE Found in clitoral sinuses of carrier males and in the prepuce and urethra of stallions; trans venereally. |
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Characterize the bacteria Chlamydophila abortus.
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GM- (can't see with a GM stain); obligate intracellular parasites
SHEEP & GOATS- ABORTION (4th or 5th month of gestation) VIRULENCE- outer membrane proteins in the elem. bodies are involved in bacterial adherence and invasion of cells and inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion; damage due to cell lysis and the inflamm. response that is induce Found in the respiratory, intestinal, and genital tracts of mammals and birds; infection is by ingestion of infectious material ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes in regards to Urogenital tract infections.
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GM+ bacilli; fac. anaerobes
CATTLE- ABORTIONS in last 2 months of gestation VIRULENCE- produce an invasion protein called internalin, which binds E-cadherin on intestinal epithelium and induces uptake of bacteria--> phagocytic cells where they escape from the phagocytic vacuole due to production of the membrane damaging toxins listeriolysin O Found in SOIL, SILAGE, SEWAGE, WATER and Alimentary tract of a variety of animals; infection via ORAL route (often w/ feeding of silage w/ elevated pH) ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize the bacteria Listeria ivanoii in regards to Urogenital tract infections.
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GM+ bacilli; fac. anaerobes
SHEEP & GOATS- ABORTIONS VIRULENCE- produce an invasion protein called internalin, which binds E-cadherin on intestinal epithelium and induces uptake of bacteria--> phagocytic cells where they escape from the phagocytic vacuole due to production of the membrane damaging toxins listeriolysin O Found in SOIL, SILAGE, SEWAGE, WATER and Alimentary tract of a variety of animals; ZOONOTIC |
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Characterize the bacteria Mycoplasma bovigenitalium.
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NO CELL WALL; contains cholesterol from host; small pleiomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes.
CATTLE- granular vulvovaginitis and less commonly endometritis; often get INFERTILITY COMMENSAL of MM of genital tract; trans venereally. |
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Characterize the bacteria Ureaplasma diversum.
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NO CELL WALL; cholesterol derived from host; small pleomorphic cells; fac. anaerobes
CATTLE- granular vulvitis--> reddish nodules on the vulvar mucosa accomp by mucopurulent discharge; Uterine involvment is rate--> if present may cause conception failure, early embryonic death or abortion. Found in prepuce and semen of clinically normal males; Trans venereally |
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