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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Collecting tubules and collecting cortical ducts are lined by =
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simple epithelium,
which varies from squamous to cuboidal. |
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Collecting Tubules & Ducts
Medullary collecting ducts have what type of Epith. = |
cuboidal cells
and change to columnar as they join to form larger ducts. |
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Collecting Tubules & Ducts
Two cell types are seen in collecting tubules and ducts. |
Principal or light cells
Dark cells or intercalated cells: pic & info |
Principal or light cells: pale staining with basal infoldings, they possess a single cilium. And few short microvilli. They have small mitochondria. They contain ADH-regulated water channels AQP-2 (aquaporin-2)
Dark cells or intercalated cells: They are small in number and have many mitochondria in cytoplasm. Microvilli and cytoplasmic folds are seen on the apical surface. They do not show basal infolding. Their no. decreases as duct approach the papilla. |
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Collecting Tubules & Ducts
B. Function What causes = a. causes epithelium to be permeable to H2O b. reabsorption of H2O |
ADH (vasopressin)
a. causes epithelium to be permeable to H2O b. reabsorption of H2O |
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Collecting Tubules & Ducts
Countercurrent multiplier system |
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Collecting Tubules & Ducts
Countercurrent exchange in the vasa recta |
info +
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Plasma flowing down the descending limb of the vasa recta becomes more hyperosmotic because of diffusion of water out of the blood and diffusion
of solutes from the renal interstitial fluid into the blood. In the ascending limb of the vasa recta, solutes diffuse back into the interstitial fluid and water diffuses back into the vasa recta. Large amounts of solutes would be lost from the renal medulla without the U shape of the vasa recta capillaries. |
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Collecting Tubules & Ducts
List epith. types in ducts |
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Collecting Tubules & Ducts
DB= Ducts of Bellini ? |
In the medulla the tubes of each pyramid converge to join a central tube, the duct of Bellini, which finally opens on the summit of one of the renal papillae; the contents of the tube are therefore discharged into one of the renal calyces.
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Interstitial cells
There are two populations of interstitial cells: |
: renal cortical fibroblasts
and medullary fibroblasts |
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Interstitial cells
Their function is the maintenance of = |
renal architecture
production of erythropoietin. |
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Interstitial cells
cytoplasm of renal medullary fibroblast-like interstitial cells contains = |
actin filaments
info |
. It has been suggested that interstitial cells secrete prostaglandins and may regulate papillary blood flow by contracting in response to hormonal stimulation.
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Interstitial cells
Activated interstitial fibroblasts and inflammatory cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) participate in = |
interstitial nephritis
(tubulointerstitial disease) caused by = |
nephrotoxic drugs
(such as heavy metals or hypersensitivity to penicillin) immunologic mechanism (for example, lupus erythematosus). |
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Interstitial cells
Excretory Pathway The wall is composed of = 4ct |
mucosa
lamina propria muscularis, adventitia mucosa (transitional epithelium, also called= |
urothelium
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Calyces and pelvis of ureter are lined with =
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transitional epithelium
resting on a = 3ct |
lamina propria
thin muscle coat adventitia surround it. |
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Ureter
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mucosa
muscularis adventitia |
1. mucosa (folded, star shaped
lumen) a. transitional epithelium b. lamina propria (dense fibroconnnective tissue) 2. muscularis a. inner longitudinal b. outer circular c. In the terminal portion of the ureter, a thick outer longitudinal muscle is present 3. adventitia: loose C.T. |
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Ureter
mucosa Nm Layers = |
mucosa (folded, star shaped
lumen) a. transitional epithelium b. lamina propria (dense fibroconnnective tissue) |
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Ureter
muscularis Nm Layers = |
a. inner longitudinal
b. outer circular c. In the terminal portion of the ureter, a thick outer longitudinal muscle is present |
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Ureter
adventitia Nm Layers = |
loose C.T.
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Wall of urinary bladder has:
mucosa |
(in empty bladder folded except at trigone)
a. transitional epithelium b. lamina propria |
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Wall of urinary bladder has:
muscularis |
muscularis (detrusor)
a. fibers run in all directions b. layers not well defined (outer & inner long. middle circular) c. forms internal urethral sphincter near the opening of urethra |
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Wall of urinary bladder has:
muscularis |
/ serosa : loose connective tissue (superior surface covered by mesothelium)
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urinary bladder, relaxed
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urinary bladder, distended
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urinary bladder, relaxed
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urinary bladder, distended
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Transitional epithelium
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When examined under TEM, the plasma membrane show modified areas called plaques. The membrane is thicker than elsewhere and rigid. In nondistended state, these fold inwards and form fusiform vesicles.
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Male urethra has three parts:
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. prostatic urethra lined with =
. membranous urethra: lined by = penile urethra lined by = |
transitional
stratified columnar or pseudostratified columnar pseudostratified stratified columnar |
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Ducts of the bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) and of the mucus secreting urethral glands (glands of Littre) empty into the =
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penile urethra.
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Female urethra
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1). 3-5 cm long
2. has longitudinal folds 3. initially lined by transitional epithelium which changes to stratified squamous. Stratified columnar or pseudostratified coloumnar epithelia may also be found in mid portion. 4. several small urethral glands and a pair of paraurethral glands open into its lumen. 5. lamina propria is highly vascularized 6. Inner longitudinal and outer circular coats of smooth muscles surround lamina propria. 7. distally striated muscle forms external urethral sphinchter 8. adventitia, outer covering of fibroelastic connective tissue |
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