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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Collecting tubules and collecting cortical ducts are lined by =
simple epithelium,

which varies from
squamous to cuboidal.
Collecting Tubules & Ducts
Medullary collecting ducts have what type of Epith. =
cuboidal cells

and change to
columnar
as they join to form larger ducts.
Collecting Tubules & Ducts
Two cell types are seen in collecting tubules and ducts.
Principal or light cells

Dark cells or intercalated cells:

pic & info
Principal or light cells: pale staining with basal infoldings, they possess a single cilium. And few short microvilli. They have small mitochondria. They contain ADH-regulated water channels AQP-2 (aquaporin-2) 

Dark cells or intercalated cells: They a
Principal or light cells: pale staining with basal infoldings, they possess a single cilium. And few short microvilli. They have small mitochondria. They contain ADH-regulated water channels AQP-2 (aquaporin-2)

Dark cells or intercalated cells: They are small in number and have many mitochondria in cytoplasm. Microvilli and cytoplasmic folds are seen on the apical surface. They do not show basal infolding. Their no. decreases as duct approach the papilla.
Collecting Tubules & Ducts
B. Function
What causes =
a. causes epithelium to
be permeable to H2O
b. reabsorption of H2O
ADH (vasopressin)
a. causes epithelium to
be permeable to H2O
b. reabsorption of H2O
Collecting Tubules & Ducts

Countercurrent multiplier system
Collecting Tubules & Ducts

Countercurrent exchange in the vasa recta
info +
info +
Plasma flowing down the descending limb of the vasa recta becomes more hyperosmotic because of diffusion of water out of the blood and diffusion
of solutes from the renal interstitial fluid into the blood.

In the ascending limb of the vasa recta, solutes diffuse back into the interstitial fluid and water diffuses back into the vasa recta.

Large amounts of solutes would be lost from the renal medulla without the U shape of the vasa recta capillaries.
Collecting Tubules & Ducts

List epith. types in ducts
Collecting Tubules & Ducts
DB= Ducts of Bellini ?
In the medulla the tubes of each pyramid converge to join a central tube, the duct of Bellini, which finally opens on the summit of one of the renal papillae; the contents of the tube are therefore discharged into one of the renal calyces.
Interstitial cells

There are two populations of interstitial cells:
: renal cortical fibroblasts
and
medullary fibroblasts
Interstitial cells
Their function is the maintenance of =
renal architecture
production of erythropoietin.
Interstitial cells

cytoplasm of renal medullary fibroblast-like interstitial cells contains =
actin filaments

info
. It has been suggested that interstitial cells secrete prostaglandins and may regulate papillary blood flow by contracting in response to hormonal stimulation.
Interstitial cells

Activated interstitial fibroblasts and inflammatory cells
(macrophages and lymphocytes)
participate in =
interstitial nephritis
(tubulointerstitial disease)

caused by =
nephrotoxic drugs
(such as heavy metals or hypersensitivity to penicillin)
immunologic mechanism (for example, lupus erythematosus).
Interstitial cells
Excretory Pathway
The wall is composed of =
4ct
mucosa
lamina propria
muscularis,
adventitia




mucosa
(transitional epithelium, also called=
urothelium
Calyces and pelvis of ureter are lined with =
transitional epithelium

resting on a =
3ct
lamina propria
thin muscle coat
adventitia
surround it.
Ureter
mucosa
muscularis
adventitia
1. mucosa (folded, star shaped
lumen)
a. transitional epithelium
b. lamina propria (dense
fibroconnnective tissue)

2. muscularis
a. inner longitudinal
b. outer circular
c. In the terminal portion of the
ureter, a thick outer longitudinal
muscle is present

3. adventitia: loose C.T.
Ureter
mucosa
Nm Layers =
mucosa (folded, star shaped
lumen)
a. transitional epithelium
b. lamina propria (dense
fibroconnnective tissue)
Ureter
muscularis
Nm Layers =
a. inner longitudinal
b. outer circular
c. In the terminal portion of the

ureter,
a thick outer longitudinal muscle
is present
Ureter
adventitia
Nm Layers =
loose C.T.
Wall of urinary bladder has:
mucosa
(in empty bladder folded except at trigone)
a. transitional epithelium
b. lamina propria
Wall of urinary bladder has:
muscularis
muscularis (detrusor)
a. fibers run in all directions
b. layers not well defined (outer &
inner long. middle circular)
c. forms internal urethral sphincter
near the opening of urethra
Wall of urinary bladder has:
muscularis
/ serosa : loose connective tissue (superior surface covered by mesothelium)
urinary bladder, relaxed
urinary bladder, relaxed
urinary bladder, distended
urinary bladder, distended
urinary bladder, relaxed
urinary bladder, relaxed
urinary bladder, distended
urinary bladder, distended
Transitional epithelium
Transitional epithelium
When examined under TEM, the plasma membrane show modified areas called plaques. The membrane is thicker  than elsewhere and rigid. In nondistended state, these fold  inwards and form fusiform vesicles.
When examined under TEM, the plasma membrane show modified areas called plaques. The membrane is thicker than elsewhere and rigid. In nondistended state, these fold inwards and form fusiform vesicles.
Male urethra has three parts:
. prostatic urethra lined with =

. membranous urethra: lined by =

penile urethra lined by =
transitional

stratified columnar
or
pseudostratified columnar

pseudostratified
stratified columnar
Ducts of the bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) and of the mucus secreting urethral glands (glands of Littre) empty into the =
penile urethra.
Female urethra
1). 3-5 cm long
2. has longitudinal folds
3. initially lined by transitional epithelium which changes to stratified squamous. Stratified columnar or pseudostratified coloumnar epithelia may also be found in mid portion.
4. several small urethral glands and a pair of paraurethral glands open into its lumen.
5. lamina propria is highly vascularized
6. Inner longitudinal and outer circular coats of smooth muscles surround lamina propria.
7. distally striated muscle forms external urethral sphinchter
8. adventitia, outer covering of fibroelastic connective tissue