Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
DEVELOPMENT OF VENOUS SYSTEM
3 systems of paired veins drain into the primitive heart: |
.vitelline system will become the
cardinal veins will become the umbilical system which |
portal system
caval system degenerates after birth |
|
.DEVELOPMENT OF VENOUS SYSTEM
hepatic veins form from = portal vein develops from = |
Right vitelline vein
anastomotic network vitelline veins P |
|
|
.DEVELOPMENT OF VENOUS SYSTEM
superior vena cava (SVC) forms from the right anterior = 2ct |
cardinal vein
right common cardinal vein |
|
|
|
IVC is composed of four main segments:
|
Hepatic segment
Prerenal segment Renal segment Postrenal segment |
The IVC is composed of four main segments:
Hepatic segment derived from the hepatic vein (proximal part of right vitelline vein) Prerenal segment derived from the right subcardinal vein Renal segment derived from the subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis Postrenal segment derived from the right supracardinal vein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clinical considerations
= 11ct |
Aortic coarctation
ASD (Foramen primum defect) Common atrium Ebstein's anomaly PDA Persistent common AV canal Tricuspid atresia VSD Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Transposition of great arteries |
|
|
|
1.Common atrium:
is caused by the complete failure of = |
septum primum and septum secundum to develop.
This results in a condition in which there is formation of only one atrium. |
|
|
|
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD):
ASD is a _____ heart defect in which the = |
congenital
IAS of atrias does not close completely. |
|
|
|
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD):
3 types |
►Ostium Secundum
►Ostium Primum ►Sinus Venosus |
|
|
|
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD):
►Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect |
most common
occurs in the center of the septum between the right and left atrium variant of this is = |
patent foramen ovale (PFO)
|
|
|
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD):
►Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect |
-2nd most common
-lower portion of the atrial septum. This ASD will have - mitral valve defect |
|
|
|
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD):
►Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect |
least common type of ASD
the upper portion of the atrial septum. |
|
|
|
foramen ovale
FUNCTIONALLY closes immediately after birth How = |
right atrium pressure decreases
left atrium pressure increases pushing the = |
septum primum
against septum secundum. |
|
|
The foramen ovale
Anatomic fusion occurs |
much later in life;
over __% of the population have probe patency of the foramen ovale, in which = |
25%
anatomic fusion does not occur. |
|
|
ASD is
flow from the = |
Left to the right atria
If too much blood moves to the right side of the heart, pressures in the = |
lungs build up.
shunt can be reversed so that blood flows from right to left. |
|
|
Epidemiology:
As a group, atrial septal defects are detected in __________ live births. ASDs make up __-__% of all congenital heart diseases. |
1 child per 1500
30 to 40% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the vast majority of children with ASD-- cause is =
The tendency to develop a ASD may be = |
unknown/idiopathic
genetic There can be genetic syndromes that cause extra or missing pieces of chromosomes that can be associated with ASD. |
|
|
|
ASD
Signs and Symptoms |
cyanosis
fatigue SOB The size of an ASD and its location in the heart will determine the symptoms . |
Most children who have ASDs seem healthy and appear to have no symptoms. Infants and children with larger, more severe ASDs, however, may show some of the following s/s:
poor appetite poor growth fatigue shortness of breath cyanosis lung problems and infections, such as pneumonia. |
|
|
Diagnosis in childern: ASD
*** with a significant ASD are diagnosed in utero or in early childhood with the use of ultrasonography or auscultation of the heart sounds during physical examination. |
Diagnosis:
chest X-ray*** electrocardiogram (EKG) *** Echocardiogram (ECHO), *** Cardiac catheterization |
|
|
|
Treatment
Very small ASDs--the defect may close on its own. Larger ASDs- surgical closure. |
.
|
|
|
|
3. Persistent common AV canal: aka =
|
atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD), endocardial cushion defect characterized by a deficiency of the _____ ______ of the heart. |
atrioventricular septum
|
|
|
3. Persistent common AV canal:
It is caused by an abnormal or inadequate _______ of the superior and inferior ____ _____ with the mid portion of the ______ septum and the _______ portion of the ______ septum. |
fusion
endocardial cushions atrial muscular ventricular |
|
