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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What structures comprise the pectoral girdle? The pelvic girdle?
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Pectoral: Clavicle, scapula
Pelvic: Sacrum, pelvic bones |
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What bones comprise the thigh and leg?
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Thigh = Femur
Leg = tibia, fibula |
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What's the difference between inversion and eversion?
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Inversion = Rotate foot so sole faces midline
Eversion = Rotate foot so soles faces away from midline |
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What is the hand equivalent of the hallux? Tarsals? Metatarsals?
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Pollex
Carpals Metacarpals |
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Why is the motion of the lower limb considered constrained?
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Usually carrying a very heavy load
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If you were holding an 8lb weight, what force would your biceps have to exert to resist extension?
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80 lbs
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If the bicep is a flexor, what must it resist?
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Must resist extension (of elbow)
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What is the relationship between load lever arms and counteracting force required by muscles?
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The larger the load lever arm, the more force muscles must apply to counteract the load.
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What does static stability require of center of gravity?
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Center of Gravity must remain within the base of support.
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If the base of support never aligns with the center of gravity while walking, how is stability achieved?
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It's not. Walking is a DYNAMIC GAIT, it's a series of controlled falls (characterized by inverted pendulum-like movement).
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What muscle is involved in squatting?
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Vastus m
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Why might someone exhibit a gait deficit?
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Gait deficits can reflect compensation for motor or neural deficits.
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What characterizes a shuffling gait?
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Less of a dynamic gait, more about static stability.
There's decreased step length Decreased swing time Decreased arm movement Decreased speed Increase in number of steps taken; allows for more time on ground (not in air) (usually exhibited by those with Parkinson's Disease) |
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What characterizes a steppage gait? How does it arise?
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AKA foot drop gait; one foot planted (STOMPED) on ground during STANCE phase then swings
Damage to PERONEAL NERVE (branch of sciatic nerve) which innervates TIBIALIS ANTERIOR TIBIALIS ANTERIOR is a dorsiflexor (raises foot towards shin; prevents plantar flexion/TOE DRAG) TIBIALIS ANTERIOR normally prevents FOOTSLAP (counteracts force when foot hits ground during walking); damage to PERONEAL N would allow for footslap to occur. |
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What is dorsiflexion? Plantarflexion?
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Dorsiflexion: foot toward shin
Plantarflexion: foot away from shin |
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What characterizes the Trendelenburg gait? How does it arise?
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During stance phase, weakened abductor muscles (gluteus medius, and minimus) allow pelvis to tilt to down to opposite side. To compensate, trunk lurches toward weakened side to maintain a level pelvis throughout gait. Pelvis sags on opposite side of damaged SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE.
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