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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Describe the three layers of blood vessels.

Describe bordering layers.
Tunica Intima: layer of simple squamous ENDOTHELIUM

Internal Elastic Lamina

Tunica Media: circularly-arranged smooth muscle (constrict or dilate), collagen fibers, ground substance, elastic fiber

External Elastic Lamina

Tunica Adventitia: CT and elastic fibers
How does the tunica adventitia differ in large vessels?
Contains VASA VASORUM--vessels supplying vessels
How do arteries generally differ in their layering (when compared to veins)?
Thicker tunica media, more elastic fiber
Contrast the layers of the following vessel types:
Elastic Arteries

Muscular Arteries

Arterioles

Provide examples of categories (if applicable), describe innervation (if applicable)
Elastic: close to heart, under high pressure, ex: aorta, pulmonary trunk

Tunica Media: TONS of elastic (alternates with smooth muscle and collagen to form ELASTIC LAMELLAE)

Tunica Intima: thicker than in other arteries bc of layer of subjacent CT

Tunica Aventitia: Loose CT and BV's (VASA VASORUM)


Medium Sized: ex: coronary arteries

Intima: Thinner
Media: mostly smooth muscle; collagen, some elastic

Arterioles: Smallest
Intima: endothelial nuclei may bulge into lumen
Media: 1-3 layers of smooth muscle--regulate blood flow to target tissues

Innervation from symp and parasymp

Final branching gives rise to capillary microcirculation
How would you differentiate between an arteriole and vein under the microscope?
Vein would look flimsier and wouldn't have thin layer of muscle
How do veins appear under the microscope?
Collapsed, thin tunica media
What is microcirculation? What structures control it? Why would you want control? How does this occur?
Blood flow from arterioles to capillaries

Metarterioles with precapillary sphincters close and prevent blood from entering capillary beds; instead flows directly from arteriole to venule, allows blood to be diverted to where its needed
What is a metarteriole?
Links arterioles and capillaries; it's a short arterial capillary

Has individual muscle cells (not tunica media) to form precapillary sphincters to encricle capillary
What is the function of arteriovenous anastomoses?
Provide circulation detours and shunts (connections between artery and vein) to allow bypass or shunting by capillary bed
What is portal circulation? Provide an example. What is the benefit of portal circulation?
Occurs when capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins. Ex: hepatic portal system

Allows for substance secreted by first capillary bed to be modified, received, etc. by second capillary bed
Describe the cellular structure of capillaries. What cells associate with them? What do they do?
Capillary = endothelial cell tube
Pericytes associate with walls--they're mesenchymal-like; may be contractile in function (microfilaments apparent)
When viewing a longitudinal section through a capillary, how would you identify a capillary?

Hint: There are RBC's present.
Use capillary's width; it's about the diameter of a RBC
How would you identify a capillary on a cross-section?
There'd be only one RBC in the lumen of the vessel and it'd be spanning the width of the vessel

ALSO THERE IS NO SMOOTH MUSCLE IN WALL OF CAPILLARIES!
Describe the three types of capillaries. Where is each type found?
Continuous: Muscle, CNS, thymic cortex; pinocytotic vesicles for transporting molecs (except in CNS)

Have continuous endothelial cells and continuous basal lamina. No openings, no fenestrations, plenty of tight junctions.

Fenestrated: have small openings (fenestrations) which allow components of blood/interstitium to bypass endothelial cells on their way to/from tissue; continuous basal lamina (acts as filter)

With diaphragm--Fenestrae closed by thin membrane (diaphragm); found in areas where rapid exchange needed, ex: kidneys, intestines, endocrine organs

Without diaphragm--Fenestrae lack thin membrane covering (diaphragm), THICK basal lamina; found in areas where rapid exchange needed; only in renal glomerulus

Discontinuous: found in sinusoids; fenestrated endothelial cells (no diaphragms), incomplete basal lamina; found in areas where free exchange of substance/cells needed, ex: bond marrow, liver, spleen
Artery or Vein?
Identify.
Artery
A: Tunia Intima—thick; look at underlying CT
B: Tunica Media
C: Tunia Adventitia
Artery or Vein?
Identify.
Artery or vein? Vein
A: Intima
B: Media
C: Adventitia
D: Collagen
E: Smooth Muscle
Artery or vein? Subtype?
Large Elastic Artery: tons of elastic fiber
Artery or vein? Subtype?
Arteriole: 1-3 layers smooth muscle, bulging nuclei
A: Artery: much more muscular; scalloped edge
B: Vein: kind of collapsed, no muscular lining
A: Nerve
B: Adventitia
C: Vein
D: Artery
E: Media
A: Venule; thinly walled
V: Arteriole: ~3 layers of smooth muscle
A: Nerve
B: Arteriole
C: Vein
Identify.
Capillary: RBC in middle
Capillary: transverse cut; width of RBC
Identify.
Capillary: single cell lining
Capillary type?
Fenestrated without diaphragm
Artery or vein? Subtype?
Medium-sized muscular artery;
Lots of smooth muscle in media (not too much)