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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lingual Thyroid
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Thyroid tissue that is left at the BASE of the tongue
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Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
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Glandular tissue left BETWEEN tongue and thyroid
Often present when they become infected |
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Hyperplasia/Goiter
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NON-neoplastic, NON-inflammatory enlargement
Much more common with LOW IODINE INTAKE More common in women |
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Hyperthyroidism
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EXCESS thyroid hormone
Induces HYPERmetabolic state Exopthalmos Almost always caused by abnormal thyroid stimulator |
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Graves Disease
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Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
IgG Abs function as agonists to TSH receptor More common in women Familial Disposition Gland is SYMMETRICALLY enlarged, firm and red Scalloped surface |
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Hypothyroidism
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TOO LITTLE thyroid hormone
Characterized by Myxedema Boggy appearance of skin; bloating Dry, cool skin; Hoarse voices Cardiomegaly |
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Thyroiditis
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Etiologies include autoimmunity and infection
Acute is very rare -- commonly due to spread of an organism |
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Hashimoto thyroiditis
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Autoimmune
Abs to thyroid microsomal peroxidase (95%) and thyroglobulin (60%) 10 times more common in women Familial disposition Diffusely enlarged |
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De Quervain's Thyroiditis
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Subacute
Self-limited Fever, dysfunction, rarely, a mass Secondary to viral infection 5 times more common in women Multi-nucleated giant cells |
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Papillary Carcinoma
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Most common malignancy of thyroid
More common in women Patients rarely die White, firm, gritty mass Psammoma bodies Nuclear enlargement, central clearing, pseudoinclusions, and grooves |
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Follicular Adenoma
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Most common neoplasms of thyroid gland
4th and 5th decades of life Women are 7 times more likely Usually well-defined and surrounded by a capsule Uniformly sized follicles Appear different than the surrounding gland |
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Follicular Carcinoma
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These tumors show HEMATOGENOUS spread
Do NOT involve LNs Widely Invasive -- up to 50% mets Minimally Invasive -- < 3% mets Both types have similar histology to follicular adenoma Look very much like follicular adenomas, except for invasiveness |
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Anaplastic Carcinoma
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Thought to develop from pre-existing papillary or follicular carcinoma
Large, aggressive Universally fatal (death within 6 months) |
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Medullary Carcinoma
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Up to 20% familial
Arise in patients with MEN 2A or 2B Germline RET mutations These tumors SECRETE CALCITONIN 5-yr of 50% Spread nodally or hematogenously Most often occur in SUPERIOR thyroid Amyloid can often be identified |
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Lymphoma
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Similar to lymphoma elsewhere
Some low-grade lesions may be cured by simple excision |
