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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What % of peptic ulcers is caused by H. pylori
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70-90%
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Types of treatment of H.pylori
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Quadruple or triple therapy
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Quadruple therapy
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PPI + metronidazole(antibiotic) + tetracycline + bismuth subsalicylate
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Triple therapy
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PPI/rantidine bismuth citrate + 2 of amoxicillin/metronidazole/clarithromycin
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Why use Pepto Bismol in treatment of H. pylori
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It has weak antibacterial activity
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Strange adverse effect of Pepto Bismol
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Black stool!
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Prokinetic Agents
(3 types) |
D2 receptor antags
5-HT3 receptor antags 5-HT4 receptor agonist |
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Prokinetic agents MA
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Increased gastric emptying by inhibiting adrenergic input
* slow gastric emptying part of many GI disorders |
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Metoclopramide
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Benzamide derivative, 5-HT4 agonist and DA antag
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Effects of Metoclopramide
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Raised LES pressure, increased rate of emptying, decreased small bowel transit
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Why can you use Metoclopramide as an antiemetic
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Freely enters the CNS to (-) DA receptors
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What are the expected side effects of dopamine antagonism?
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Hyperprolactinemia
Galactorrhea Parkinsonism Somnolence, nervousness, dizziness, depression, and diarrhea |
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Dicyclomine and Hyocyamine
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Antispasmodics (antimuscarinics) used to treat IBS or peptic ulcers
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Emesis is controlled where
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Emetic center in the area prostrema
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Emesis is promoted by what?
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Serotonin on 5-HT3 receptors
DA on D2 receptors in AP and Solitary tract nucleus ACH on M1 receptors in AP, STN, and cerebellum |
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Oops, two more things that promote emesis
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Histamine on H1 receptors in AP, STN, and cerebellum
Delayed gastric emptying |
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D2 receptor antagonists that inhibit emesis
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Benzamide derivative:
Metoclopramide Phenthiazines: Chlorpromazine(Thorazine) Prochlorperazine(Compazine) Promethazine |
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Action of phenthiazines
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(-) D2 receptors in the Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
*remember side effects from anti-psych lecture |
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Side effects of phenthiazines
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Hypotension, wt. gain, sedation, extrapyramidal effects
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Droperidol
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D2 antagonist- prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting
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Side effects of Droperidol
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Hypotension, drowsiness, dysphoria, FATAL CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS
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5-HT3 receptor antagonists
(there are 4) |
Ondansetron
Dolasteron Granisetron Palonsetron |
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Action of 5-HT3 antagonists
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Acts soley on these receptors w/no extrapyramidal effects
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Use of 5-HT3 antagonists
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Suppress emesis associated with radiation therapy or post-op
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Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
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Aprepitant
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Use of Aprepitant
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(-) chemotherapy induced emesis
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H1 antihistamines and antimuscarinics used for motion sickness
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Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Scopolamine |
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Drugs used to treat IBD (UC and Chron's)
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Sulfasalazine
Mesalamine Balsalazide (mesalamine prodrug) |
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MA of drugs that treat IBD
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Suppress production of Arachodonic acid
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Drug used to treat hiccups :)
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Cholopromazine
yes, the anti-psychotic |
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How many muscles does it take to smile? To frown?
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17 vs. 43
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