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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the four tissues that form the organs in the body?
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Nervous
Fibrous Muscle Epithelium |
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Ectoderm forms ____
Endoderm forms _____ Mesoderm forms ______ |
Skin
Digestive tube Lining of blood vessels |
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The plasma membrane is covered with the ______ surface
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Apical
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The lateral surfaces of the cell contain _____ ______ that anchor adjacent cells together
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Cell junctions
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Since the apical surface and basal surface are separated we can say that this cell is ____ in its function.
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Polarized
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The ___ surface is the surface across which secretory granules are released by exocytosis into the lumen.
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Apical
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Microvilli are found on most cells and function in _____. They also increase the plasma membrane surface area.
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Absorption
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________ are extensions of the plasma membrane that in the presence of ATP, will beat.
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Cillia
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Where do cell junctions attach? i.e what surface
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Lateral surface
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What are the two types of cell junctions and their subtypes?
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Functional
-Gap -Tight Structural -Desmosomes Zonula adherns |
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What are the two ways that water and small solutes can move through an epithelial membrane?
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Transcellular and paracellular (requires tight junctions)
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How is a tight junction formed?
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When the transmembrane protein in the lateral plasma membrane of one epithelial cell laces with a similar transmembrane protein in the lateral plasma membrane of an adjacent epithelial cell.
Ca is required for tight junction. |
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How do tight junctions selectively tighten and loosen the seal between cells?
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This occurs due to signals within and outside the cell to regulate paracelular pathway of fluid and small solute movement
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What functional junction is Calcium dependent?
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Tight junctions
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Gap junction channels are formed from _____ and the channels that forms are called ______
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Connexins
Connexon |
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What tyoe of CAM is cell to cell attachment with anchors in the cytoskeleton, is Ca2+ dependent but doesn't bind to carbohydrates?
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Cadherins
Selectins-attach cell to cell by binding to carbs on the plasma protein of the adj cell membrane |
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What CAM attach cells to the ECM and utilize actin filaments in the cytoskeleton to keep the nucleus informed of changes in the ECM?
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Integrins
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What is the weaker of the two mechanical junctions, what cytoskelleton do they use and CAM?
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Zonula adherens
Cadherin molecules Actin fillaments |
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What is the stronger of the two mechanical junctions and what cytoskeleton do they use?
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Keratin and Desmosomes
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Epithelial membrane is avascular, where does it get blood from>
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The epithelial membrane rest on a fibrous tissue bed and capillaries within the fibrous tissue bed nourish them.
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The basal lamina is produced by two different cells?
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Fibroblasts in the fibrous tissue bed
Epithelial cells in the epithelial membrane |
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The basal lamina acts as a ___ to protect the epithelial cells and also provides a scaffolding for ____ ______
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Filter
Wound healing |
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The basal membrane is made of two components?
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Fibers (type 4 collagen that is found ONLY IN BASAL MEMBRANES.) forms shetts of collagen
Ground substance |
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The ground substance consists of ______ and adhesion glycoprotein molecules. The most abundant adhesion glycoprotein in the basement membrane is _______
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proteoglycans
laminin |
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Laminin attaches to _____ in the epithelial basal plasma membrane. It also attaches to proteoglycans and Type IV collagen.
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integrins
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Fibroblast in the basal lamina produce ____ and ground substance.
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Fibers.
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Integrins in the plasma membrane of the fibroblast attach to _______ in the fibrous tissue bed that connect to fibers in the basement membrane.
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Fibronectin
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The fibrous ridge between epithelial cell and fibroblast provides a moment by moment assessment of stress on the cells and informs the nucleus of each cell. This is particularly important during the _______ _______ if the epithelium has been injured.
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Healing process
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Actin filaments in the epithelial cell will attach to integrins in the basement membrane, which in turn the laminin will attach to the ______ and the ______
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Proteoglycans
Fiber (type four collagen) |
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The ______ are button-like anchoring attachments between the basal surface of certain epithelial membranes and the adjacent basement membrane.
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Hemidesmosomes
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What attaches to keratin filaments within the cell?
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Hemidesmosome;
Hemidesmosome consists of integrin molecules in the basal surface of the epithelial cell attached to keratin filaments |
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Hemidesmosome is anchoring junction that anchors the basal surface of the epithelial cell to the ______ membrane
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Basement
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What are the two ways to describe epithelial membranes?
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Shape of cells and number of layers of cells
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When describing epithelial membranes based on number of layers of cells that are stacked, what are the two forms?
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Simple-single layer
Stratified-more than one layer of cells stacked on top of one another |
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What is an example of squamous epithelial membrane
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Endothelium; lines the lumen of all blood vessels
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