Bld 204 Exam 3 Neoplasm

Front 1

Neoplasm

Back 1

"new" + "to mould" = new growth

Front 2

Is neoplasm normal or abnormal?

Back 2

ABNORMAL

Front 3

(Normal Cell Proliferation)

Normally, cells divide a certain number of times, only fill so much space, and they do this in the _____ location.

Back 3

right

Front 4

(Normal Cell Proliferation)

In normal tissue, there are ______ for cell division.

Back 4

controls

Front 5

In neoplasms, cells escape control for ____ _____.

Back 5

Cell division

Front 6

In neoplasm, cells divide more or less than they should?

Back 6

more

Front 7

The end result of neoplasm is a mass of cells with _____ number, in a ____ location.

Back 7

↑, inappropriate

Front 8

(Normal Differentiation)

Normal cell differentiation is _____.

Back 8

orderly

Front 9

(Disorderly Differentiation)

Neoplasm cells remain stuck in more _____ states.

Back 9

immature

Front 10

Immature/undifferentiated cells show behaviors that are like expressing

Back 10

fetal proteins/hormones

Front 11

Malignant neoplasms spread into

Back 11

surrounding tissues and body parts

Front 12

Neoplasms are a diverse group of

Back 12

diseases

Front 13

We classify neoplasm by ____ and _____

Back 13

behavior

tissue of origin

Front 14

Benign masses expand into spaces where

Back 14

they don't belong

Front 15

(Benign)
Don't invade

Back 15

surrounding tissues

Front 16

(Benign)
There's no

Back 16

metastasis

Front 17

(Benign)
Growth rate is

Back 17

low

Front 18

(Benign)
Have little

Back 18

mitosis

Front 19

(Benign)
pressure of mass on surrounding tissue has

Back 19

atrophy

Front 20

(Malignant)
Invade

Back 20

surrounding tissue

Front 21

(Malignant)
Has

Back 21

metastasis

Front 22

(Malignant)
Have lots of

Back 22

mitosis and growth

Front 23

(Malignant)
damages

Back 23

surrounding tissue

Front 24

Malignancy has
- ↑ ______
- incomplete _______

Back 24

-proliferation

-differentiation

Front 25

Incomplete differentiation in malignancy means
-cells...
-nuclei...
-abnormal...

Back 25

-cells vary in size and shape
-nuclei have greater volume than norm
-abnormal ploidy

Front 26

-Epithelium Tissue
Malignant: ______

-Connective Tissue
Malignant: ______

Back 26

-carcinomas
-sarcoma

Front 27

Dysplasia -

Back 27

cell changes as a sign of malignancy but
no invasion present (yet)

Front 28

Dysplasia acts as what kind of sign?

Back 28

warning

Front 29

Dysplasia is common in

Back 29

epithelial tissues

Front 30

If whole depth of the tissue is dysplasic, the the term ____ in ____ is used.

Back 30

carcinoma in situ

Front 31

Hamartoma is a ____ -like mass

Back 31

tumor

Front 32

Hamartoma lacks ______ behavior

Back 32

autonomous (independence)

Front 33

Hamartoma has good differentiation
in the ______ ______

Back 33

right organ

Front 34

Heteroplasia happens at what stage?

Back 34

stem cell

Front 35

In Heteroplasia, differentiation of tissue is

Back 35

wrong for location

Front 36

2 Benign epithelial neoplasms are

Back 36

-papilloma

-adenoma

Front 37

In Papilloma:
- epithelial cells grow in
- squamous cells grow in

Back 37

- a sheet
-transitional or columnar

Front 38

In Adenoma:
- cells are in
- arises from

Back 38

- solid islands or masses of cells
-gland or duct epithelium

Front 39

In Adenoma development, small groups of cells gather around

Back 39

a lumen

Front 40

What may develop in Adenoma?

Back 40

-a cyst or cystadenoma

Front 41

In hyperplasia, there is...

Back 41

a lot of cells

Front 42

In Hypertrophy cells...

Back 42

cells that get bigger

Front 43

Hyperplasia is controlled by _____ feedback mechanisms

Back 43

negative

Front 44

Hyperplasia is a response to an...

Back 44

↑ in functional need

Front 45

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
-Girls:
-Boys:

Back 45

-masculization
-early puberty

Front 46

There is loss of salt in what kind of hyperplasia

Back 46

congenital adrenal

Front 47

Defective adrenal cells:
↑...
↓...

Back 47

-↑ adrenocorticopic hormone from pituitary
-↓ coritsol and aldosterone

Front 48

2 causes for Thyroid Hyperplasia:

Back 48

1. abnormal stimuli
2. problem with feedback for TSH

Front 49

3 places hypertrophy occurs:

Back 49

1. uterus during pregnancy
2. bladder when urine outflow is
obstructed/blocked
3. heart with ↑ workload

Front 50

Due to ↓ demand, atrophy ↓ in

Back 50

↓ in bulk (mass)

Front 51

non-neoplastic changes STOP when _____ is
removed

Back 51

stimulus

Front 52

Neoplastic changes don't respond to ____ _____

Back 52

normal stimuli

Front 53

Transformation (Woolf) -

Back 53

refers to cells that have changed into neoplastic cells and exhibit all that behavior

Front 54

Transformed cells don't show _____ ______
in cell culture

Back 54

contact inhibition

Front 55

Normal cells recognize each other, communicate about _____, and _____ to each other

Back 55

division, adhere

Front 56

Neoplastic cells fail to hold back signals that would ______ ________

Back 56

restrain/control proliferation

Front 57

In neoplastic cells, what encourages them to proliferate

Back 57

↑ growth factor expression
(ex: TNF-alpha, PDGF)

Front 58

Anaplasia in Neoplastic Cells -

Back 58

lose morphology and orientation of mature cells

Front 59

Cells that have most potential to divide in body are located in

Back 59

stem cell compartment

Front 60

Stem cells are not ______

Back 60

different from each other (undifferentiated)

Front 61

2 results when:
Stem cell → mitosis =

Back 61

1. stem cell (grow into a stem cell that grows to be anything)
2. daughter cell that's more committed to
functional cell line like lymphocyte

Front 62

Transcriptional control is when:
______ → _______

Back 62

DNA → RNA

Front 63

DNA → RNA → PROTEIN

Back 63

-DNA → RNA:
Transcriptional control
-RNA:
process, transport, degradation/stabilization
-RNA → PROTEIN:
translational control, control of proteins

Front 64

In transformed cells, differentiation can be _____

Back 64

heterogenous

Front 65

In transformed cells, serious lack of
differentiation results in ______

Back 65

anaplasia