Bld 204 Exam 3 Carcinogenesis

Front 1

What if you can't repair DNA damage?

Back 1

-usually both alleles must be lost but certain one exhibit haploinsufficiency

Front 2

3 Repair Systems:

Back 2

1. mismatch repair
2. nucleotide excision repair
3. recombination repair

Front 3

Name a Syndrome that occurs with Problems with Mismatch Repair:

Back 3

Hereditary Nonpolyposis
Colon Cancer Syndrome

Front 4

Problems with Mismatch -
Hereditary Nonpolyposis
Colon Cancer Syndrome:
There is carcinoma of the ______ and _____ _____

Back 4

cecum; proximal colon

Front 5

Problems with Mismatch -
Hereditary Nonpolyposis
Colon Cancer Syndrome:
Mismatch repair genes _______ ______ to make sure mismatches don't accumulate

Back 5

proofread DNA

Front 6

Problems with Mismatch -
Hereditary Nonpolyposis
Colon Cancer Syndrome:
At least _____ genes are implicated (involved)

Back 6

4

Front 7

Name example when Problems with Nucleotide Excion Repair occur:

Back 7

Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Front 8

Problems with Nucleotide Excion Repair -
Xeroderma Pigmentosum:
Mutations are at higher risk when there's

Back 8

sun damage from UV light

Front 9

Problems with Nucleotide Excion Repair -
Xeroderma Pigmentosum:
___ _______ of ________
is not repaired by the excision process

Back 9

UV cross-linking ; pyrimidine

Front 10

Problems with Nucleotide Excion Repair -
Xeroderma Pigmentosum:
Several ______ are involved,
loss of _____ is enough to cause problems

Back 10

proteins ; one

Front 11

Name example of Problems with Recombination Repair:

Back 11

Fanconi Anemia

Front 12

Problems with Recombination Repair -
Fanconi Anemia:
This is a groups of _____ _______ disorders

Back 12

autosomal recessive

Front 13

Problems with Recombination Repair - Fanconi Anemia:
______ and ______ in breast cancer can cause this problem.
What happens?

Back 13

-BRCA1 & BRCA2
-chromosomal breaks and
severe aneuploidy occur

Front 14

Regulated Genome Instability:
In Lymphoid Neoplasms, rearrangements of
____ _____ for ________
________ ________
________ ________
are controlled instability

Back 14

-VDJ genes ; BCR/TCR
-Isotyple Switching
-Somatic Hypermutation

Front 15

Regulated Genome Instability:
Mutations In Lymphoid Neoplasms often have

Back 15

errors from processes like Isotyple Switching and Somatic Hypermutation

Front 16

Chronic Inflammation and Malignancy:
When does inflammation contribute to tumor formation instead of protecting against it?

Back 16

-Chronic inflammation: microbial infections or autoimmune responses
-When inflammation occurs in response to tumors

Front 17

Chronic Inflammation and Malignancy:
Common offenders are (3)

Back 17

1. H. pylori gastritis
2. HBV
3. HCV

Front 18

Carcinogenesis - Chemical:
Direct-Acting Agents -

Back 18

-No metabolic action is needed
-many are used for chemotherapy

Front 19

Carcinogenesis - Chemical:
Indirect-Acting Agents -

Back 19

-require metabolism of agent to become
carcinogen
-products from the burning of tobacco
-broiling or smoking animal fats
-epoxides bind dna, rna, proteins

Front 20

Carcinogenesis - Chemical:
Mutagens - common targets are ____ & _____

Back 20

RAS ; p53

Front 21

Carcinogenesis - Chemical:
Promotors contribute to

Back 21

proliferation of the mutated cells

Front 22

Carcinogenesis - Radiation:
List 3 occurrences

Back 22

1. Chromosomal breakage
2. Translocation
3. Rarely Point Mutations

Front 23

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
Human RNA viruses: (3)

Back 23

1. HTLV-1
2. Tropism CD4+ cells
3. TAX

Front 24

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
Human RNA virus TAX -

Back 24

-triggers GF production
-inhibits p53 and other inhibitors of proliferation

Front 25

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
Human DNA viruses: (3)

Back 25

-HPV
-EBV
-HBV, HCV (hepatitis)

Front 26

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
Human DNA Virus HPV -

Back 26

-warts and cervical cancer
-interactions with RB & release
transcription factors

Front 27

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
Human DNA Virus EBV -

Back 27

-first virus linked to human tumor
-Burkitt's lymphoma
-Attaches to B cells thru CD21
-Causes proliferation & generation
lympho-blastoid cell lines

Front 28

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
Human DNA virus HBV, HCV (Hepatitis) -

Back 28

-70-80% of hepatocellular carcinomas world wide are due to infection
-Has many factors: chronic inflammation cause cell injury, hepatocyte proliferation,
ROS production

Front 29

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
Helicobacter Pylori is the first _____ _______
because it was first implicated (involved) in
_______ _______

Back 29

-"bacterial" carcinogen
-peptic ulcers

Front 30

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
List mechanisms of Helicobacter Pylori: (4)

Back 30

1. Chronic inflammation
2. Stimulation of Gastric Cell Proliferation
3. ROS that damages DNA
4. CagA stimulates GF pathways

Front 31

Carcinogenesis - Microbial and Viral:
Mechanisms in Helicobacter Pylori leads to

Back 31

polyclonal B cell prliferations that result in
monoclonal B cell tumors