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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Starting with a Hematopoietic Stem Cell, outline the stages of differentiation of a RBC.
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1) Hematopoietic Stem Cell
2) Common Myeloid Progenitor 3) Pro-Erythroblast 4) Basophilic Erythroblast 5) Polychromatic Erythroblast 6) Normoblast 7) Reticulocyte 8) RBC (erythrocyte) |
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For stages of differentiation for WBC's (Lymphocytes and myelocytes) and Platelets...
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See BL Week 2 PBL Objective 6
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In a Basophilic erythroblast, what accoungs for the basophilic cytoplasm?
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The high RNA content (synthesis of Hb)
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In a Polychromatic erythroblast, what accoungs for the greyish cytoplasm?
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The combination of RNA (blue) and synthesized Hb (red)
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All blood cells are divided into three lineages. What are they?
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1) Erythroid (oxygen carrying RBC's)
2) Lymphoid (T-cells, B-cells and NK cells) 3) Myeloid (which includes granulocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages) |
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Hematopoietic stem cells reside in the marrow and are self renewing. When they proliferate what 3 types of daughter cells are produced? The other daughters of HSCs (myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells),
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Some of their daughter cells remain as Hematopoietic Stem Cells (1)(so the pool of stem cells does not become depleted). The other daughters become either myeloid (2) or lymphoid (3)progenitor cells.
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In developing embryos, where does normal blood formation occur?
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In aggregates of blood cells in the yolk sac, called blood islands.
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As development progresses, blood formation also occurs in the...
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Spleen, liver and lymph nodes.
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In children, hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of which bones?
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The long bones such as the femur and tibia.
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In adults, it occurs mainly in which bones?
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The pelvis, cranium, vertebrae, and sternum.
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When bone marrow develops, it eventually assumes the task of forming most of the blood cells for the entire organism. However, maturation, activation, and some proliferation of lymphoid cells occurs in secondary lymphoid organs. Name 3 of them.
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1) The spleen
2) The thymus 3) Lymph nodes |
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What cells make up the cortex of a child's thymus?
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An extensive population of developing T lymphocytes
(sometimes also called thymocytes), epithelial reticular cells (ERC) and macrophages. |
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How does the medulla differ from the cortex in a child's thymus?
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The medulla contains the same cells as the cortex, but
there are relatively fewer T lymphocytes (and the T lymphocytes in the medulla are differentiated). The medulla also contains structures called Hassall’s corpuscles. These corpuscles contain flattened ERCs that are arranged in a concentric manner and are filled with keratin filaments. |
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What is the thymic-blood barrier?
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The processes of the ERCs wrap themselves around the thymic arterioles and capillaries. In addition, the arterioles and capillaries are particularly impermeable to plasma proteins (thick basal lamina and a non-fenestrated endothelium). Together, these prevent most circulating antigens from reaching the cortex of the thymus (thymic-blood barrier).
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The splenic pulp has two components. Name these 2 components and state their roles.
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1) White Pulp
2) Red Pulp White pulp plays an important immunological role while the red pulp is involved in the destruction of aged erythrocytes. |
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Central arteries of the slpeen are enveloped by a sheath of T lymphocytes and this sheath is called the _____________________.
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Periarterial Lymphatic Sheath (PALS). It is part of the white pulp of the spleen.
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Surrounding the PALS are lymphoid nodules that are called the _______________.
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Peripheral White Pulp (PWP).
The PWP has a germinal centre and consists mostly of B cells. |
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Surrounding the peripheral white pulp are ___________________and these consist of many blood sinuses and loose lymphoid tissue.
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Marginal Zone Sinuses
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What is the function of the marginal zone?
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It forms a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune response, because the
macrophages in this region can efficiently take up blood-borne pathogens. The specific subset of B cells in this region (marginal-zone Bcells) can be activated by these macrophages or respond to blood-borne pathogens, after which they become antigen-presenting cells or IgM-producing plasma cells. |
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The red pulp consists of splenic cords that are separated by splenic sinuses. What cells make up the cords?
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The splenic cords contain reticular cells and fibres, T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and many blood cells.
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Starting with the splenic artery follow the different vessels of the spleen.
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1) Splenic Artery
2) Trabecular Artery 3) Central Artery 4) Penicillar Arterioles |
