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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the symptoms of MI
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Dysnea(shortness of breath), leg edema, chest pain, palpitations, hemoptysis(blood from resp. tract) and Syncope
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How is an MI diagnosed?
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EKG-st segment, Blood Work
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What is the treatment for an MI?
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nitrates, Beta-blockers, digitalis, oxygen.
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What is a surgical treatment for MI?
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angioplasty of the coronary arteries.
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What are three reasons for a bypass of the coronary artery?
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1) unstable angina
2)left main coronary artery obstruction 3) severe narrowing of coronary arteries. |
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What is a common symptom which patients present with for herniated discs?
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Acute back pain which ussually resolves
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When is a patient a candidate for surgery?
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If there is persistant radiculopathy for 1-2 months with failed cons. manage. An MRI should be ordered.
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What must show up on the MRI to contribute to the patient's reason for surgery?
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There must be lumbar disc syndrome that correlates with the herniated disc.
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Herniation at root L3
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Pain in Ingiunal Area
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Herniation at root L4
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Weak: Quads
Sense Loss: ankle Pain: Anterior thigh Dimin. Reflex: Knee Jerk |
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Herniation at root L5
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Weak: Tibialis Anterior
Sense: Dorsal Foot Pain: Lat. Leg |
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Herniation at Root S1
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Weak: Gastrocnemius
Sense: Lat. Foot Pain: Post. Leg Reflex: Ankle jerk |
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When is conservative managment not appropriate for herniated lumbar discs?
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Anyone who has a nuerological deficit(new foot drop), cuada equina , urinary retention.
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What is cauda equina syndrome?
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group of finding that occur during the compressin of lumbosacral roots
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What are the possible cuases of Cauda Esquina?
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Tumor, spinal epidural hematoma or trauma.
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What are the inherent properties of NSC?
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Migration and integration
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How are NSC defined?
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There are not immunihisto methods yet, so they are defined operationaly
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What are the three properties of NSC
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1) Multipotency 2) ability to repopulate the an ablated region 3) Self-renewal
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What are some antigenic markers used to distinguish NSCs from other cell types?
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1) Nestin
2) Musashi 3) AC133 |
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What is nestin?
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It is an intermediate filament consistent with an immature nueroectodermal lineage.
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What is Musashi?
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It is an RNA binding protein.
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What is AC133?
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It is a cell surface marker.
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What and where bathes the spinal cord?
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The CSF within the thecal sac
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How can the CSF be sampled easily?
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By a lumbas puncture of fluid from the lumbar cistern
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What three things does the spinal column provide?
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1) Protection
2) Support 3) Flexibility in the trunk |
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What is complete spinal cord injury?
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patients who have fixed neurological deficits despite aggressive treatment.
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What are the symptoms of spinal cord injury?
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1)Hypoxia
2) Shock 3) Spinal deformity |
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What is spinal shock?
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Loss of all neurological function below the level of spinal cord injury.
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What are the tree tissues that create NSC?
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Embyonic, neonatal, and adult nervous.
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What is the principle difference between human and mouse NSC?
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The length of the cell cycle
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What happens to NSC after being maintained in serum -free medium?
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They form clusters, neurospheres.
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What connects the left pulmonary artery to the aorta?
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The ligamentum arterosum.
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Where is the aortic valve most audible?
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The left 5th intracostal space.
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What is an open Pneumothorax?
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When air enters the pleural space preventing the expansion of the lung.
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What is hemothorax?
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blood between the plueral space leading to a decreased circulation.
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Tension pneumothorax
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chest wall injury leading to an accumulation of air in plural cavity with each breath.
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List the frequency of lung cancer types from most common to least common.
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Adenocarcinoma>Squamous cell>Oat Cell> Large cell.
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