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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
basics about the skeletal system
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dynamic: change throughout life, 206 named bones
axial skeleton: centrAL axis appendicular: appendages holding to the central axis (arms, legs, hands, feet) |
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endochondral
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within cartilage, most bones are this meaning they wer eformed within cartilage
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osteoblasts/osteocytes
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osteoblasts: immature bone cells not yet surrounded by bony matrix (ossifcation: bone formation)
osteocytes:mature bone cells surrounded by bone matrix. otseoblasts mature into osteocytes |
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diaphysis
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the long middle part of the bone is dense bone surrounding a central canal: houses the marrow
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red marrow/ yellow marrow
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red: spongy, where blood cells are formed
yellow: compact, where energy is store |
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epipheses
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the ends of the bone, they include the epiphyseal plate (area of cartilage where long bones continue to grow during childhood, etc): when bones stop growing, cartilage is replaced by bone
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the inside of the bone
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concentric rings of matrix laid by osteocytes surrounding a central canal. one circle of this is haversion system (otseon)
cells in the bone communicate through holes in the matrix called canaliculi. canaliculi allow fluids and nutrients into the bone |
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bone development
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prenatal: cartilage
fetus: some conversion to bone childhood: primary and secondary ossification sites formed adolescence: cartilage growth plate elongates |
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osteoclasts/osteoblasts/osteocytes/chondroblasts
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osteoclasts: large cells that adhere to the surface of bony tissue and release acids and enzymes:bone breaking cell...if you are low in calcium, they will break down calcium already in bone
osteoblasts: bone formation osteocytes:mature bone cell sthat maintain the structure of the bone chondroblasts:cartilage forming cells that form a model of the future bone |
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Bone remodeling and repair:
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changes in shape, sizes, and strength: depends on diet, exercise, age
-bone cells regulated by hormones Repair: hematoma (bruise/massive blot clot that develops over the site of the fractured bone) and callus formation (fibrocartilage bond between broken ends that is converted into bone by osteoblasts) osteoclasts absorb the dead bone tissue heal bone is often stronger and thicker than original |
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diseases/effects of bad bones
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osteoporosis: thinning of the bone structure caused by imbalance of deposition and resorption
carpal tunnel: repetitive motions cause inflamation of ligament arthritis: cartilage at the end of the bone wears out: becomes inflamed and painful |
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3 types of joints
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fibrous: immovable, connect bones in skull
cartilaginous: slightly movable, vertebrae, lower ribs to the sternum synovial: free movement between 2 bones, most common joits in the body |
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limbs comprise the
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appendicular system
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COX1 AND COX2
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COX causes inflammation and pain
COX1 in the stomach helps mucus formation. Aspirin blocks COX1 AND 2 so this can lead to irritation and bleeding |
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interosseus
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between bones
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ligament/tendon
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ligament: dense regular connective tissue connecting bone to bone
tendon: dense regular connective tissue connecting muscle to bone |
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synovial fluid:
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fluid secreted by the inner membrane of the synovial joint
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bursae
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fluid filled sac between the bones or tendonsif a joint and the skin positioned to reduce friction
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menisci
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fat pads within joints that cusion bones to assist in "fit"
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