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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Members of what domain are called extremophiles (can be found in areas that are extremely hot, salty, or cold) |
Domain Archaea |
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what is the prokaryote group that is a source of Taq polymerase (PCR) |
Archaea |
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what is the prokaryotic group that is important in nutrient cycling and energy flow in most environments |
Bacteria |
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what are cells that can be dormant during very harsh conditions -can be formed from which prokaryotic group |
endospores -bacteria |
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how do bacteria reproduce |
binary fission |
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What are some of the things that Bacteria have inside the cell |
ribosomes cell wall nuclear area with a circular ring of DNA |
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-what color are gram negative stains -what color are gram positive stains -what are the cell walls of gram positive bacteria composed of |
-red (dont retain the violet stain when rinsed with ethanol) -blue/violet (retain the stain when rinsed with ethanol) -composed of peptidoglycan (this layer is what retains the stain) |
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what are the different shapes of bacteria |
Coccus Bacillus Spirillium Flagellated |
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what are the different types of coccus bacteria |
single, chain, pair, and tetrad |
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what are the different types of bacillus bacteria |
single, fusiform, chain |
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what group of bacteria are photosynthetic are they gram positive or negative |
cyanobacteria gram negative |
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what type of bacteria is the ancestor for chloroplasts |
cyanobacteria |
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this type of bacteria has cells specialized for nitrogen fixation and produces most of O2 in the atmosphere |
cyanobacteria |
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Examples of cyanobacteria in class |
Nostoc Oscillatoria Gloeocapsa Anabaena |
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what are the different forms of motion in protists |
cilia flagella pseudopodia |
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Common names for Clade Alveolates |
ciliates dinoflagellates apicomplexans |
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Common names for Clade Excavates |
Giardia Trichonympha Trypanosomes Euglena |
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Common names for Clade Plantae |
red algae chlorophytes |
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Common names for Clade Rhizaria |
forams radiolaria |
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Common names for Clade Stramenopiles |
brown algae diatoms |
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Common names for Clade Unikonts: Clade Amoebozoans |
amoeba slime molds |
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Common names for Clade Unikonts: Clade Opisthokonts |
fungi choanoflagellates animals |
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characteristics of Alveolates (ciliates) |
-have alveoli (Sacs below their plasma membrane) -covered with short cilia for locomotion -found in freshwater -heterotrophic -contractile vacuoles -two nuclei (micronuclei for reproduction and macronuclei for metabolism and growth) -conjugation |
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characteristics of Alveolates (dinoflagellates) |
-found in freshwater and salt water -two flagella )one lies in a longitudinal groove and one lies in the transverse groove -can cause algal blooms (red tides) -endosymbionts are called zooxanthellae |
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characteristics of Alveolates (apicomplexa) -Lifecycle of malaria |
-entirely parasitic -malaria (fever and chills occur in waves every 24-48 hours) -the fever occurs when red blood cells that have the parasite burst and release the parasites to enter more blood cells. -mosquito bite, turns into sporozoites, then goes to liver stage parasites, then merozoites, which form a ring, then a trophozoites, then a cyst (schizont), followed by a rupturing cyst which then releases new gametocytes for the mosquito |
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characteristics of Stramenopiles (diatoms) |
-general stramenopiles: two unequal flagella (one hairy); water molds are filamentous groups with cell walls made of cellulose (caused potato blight) -unicellular -two shells containing silica that fit together -very important in fossil record |
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characteristics of Stramenopiles (brown algae) |
-general stramenopiles: two unequal flagella (one hairy); water molds are filamentous groups with cell walls made of cellulose (caused potato blight) -very large -specialized regions (blades, stipes, holdfasts) -source for algin (thickening agent) -habitat for other marine animals |
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characteristics of Excavates (Giardia) |
-general excavates: some lack mitochondria -intestinal parasite -two haploid nuclei |
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characteristics of Excavates (Trichonympha) |
-general excavates: some lack mitochondria -live symbiotically in guts of termites and cockroaches -numerous long flagella (rock stars) -digest the cellulose in wood for termites -rely on endosymbiotic bacteria to digest cellulose |
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characteristics of Excavates (Euglenoids) |
-disk shaped cristae in mitochondria -single flagella -very small -reproduce by mitosis -autotrophic and heterotrophic (green color) -found in freshwater, can contribute to algal blooms -flexible outer covering called the pellicle |
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characteristics of Excavates (trypanosomes) |
-parasitic -african sleeping sickness (spread by the bite of a tsetse fly) -very small, can be seen in the blood of people with the infection -ability to evade the hosts immune system |
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characteristics of Rhizaria (foraminiferans) |
-include cells that are Amoeba-like but are enclosed in a carbonate shell -predators -pseudopodia captures food |
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characteristics of Clade Unikonts: Clade Amoebozoans (amoebas) |
-single celled -can be huge for a cell -ability to change size and shape -move by pseudopodia -predators and scavengers -can be parasitic |
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characteristics of Clade Unikonts: Clade Amoebozoans (plasmodial slime mold, or Physarum Polycephalum) |
-multinucleate mass of streaming cytoplasm -ingests bacteria, molds, and any decaying organic matter |
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characteristics of Clade Unikonts: Clade Opisthokonts |
-characterized by its representative having at some point in their lives, single posterior flagellum in a motile cell -motile spores in fungi -choanoflagellates have a collar that surrounds their flagellum |
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Amoeba Proteus Clade Amoebozoa 400x |
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Anabaena Cyanobacteria 400x |
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Bacillus Bacteria shape 1000x |
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Coccus Bacteria shape 1000x |
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Diatoms Clade Stramenopiles 400x |
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Euglena Clade Excavates 400x |
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Foraminifera Clade Rhizaria 100x |
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Gloeocapsa live Cyanobacteria 400x |
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Nostoc live Cyanobacteria 400x |
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Paramecium Clade Alveolates 400x |
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Oscillatoria Cyanobacteria 400x |
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Spirillium Bacteria shape 1000x |
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Trichonympha prepared Clade Excavates 400x |
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Trypanosoma Clade Excavates 1000x |
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Plasmodium Clade Alveolate 400x |
