Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the anterior, middle, and posterior borders of the cranial fossa?
|
Anterior: vertical portion of frontal bone to lesser wing of the sphenoid
Middle: Lesser wings of sphenoid to dorsum sellae and petrous ridge Posterior: Dorsum sellae and petrous ridge to occipital bone |
|
What is the calvaria?
|
The top of the skull; skullcap
|
|
The interior of the skull in covered in __________.
|
Dura mater
|
|
What is found in the anterior portion of the cranial fossa?
|
1. Frontal lobes of the brain
2. Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone: attaches to dura mater with cristagalie and allows innervation of olfactory mucosa |
|
True or false: All of the following structures are found in the middle portion of the cranial fossa:
1. Sella turcica 2. Superior orbital fissure 3. Hypoglossal canal 4. Foramen rotundum 5. Foramen ovale 6. Foramen spinosum 7. Foramen lacerum |
False; the hypoglossal canal is found in the posterior portion
|
|
The sella turcica is completely lined with dura mater except for where the _________ exits.
|
Pituitary stalk
|
|
What is transmitted through the superior orbital fissure?
|
CN 3, 4, and 6 (to the orbit) and the opthalmic branch of CN 5
|
|
What is transmitted through the foramen spinosum?
|
The middle meningeal artery (supplies dura mater)
|
|
What does the middle meningeal artery branch from?
|
The maxillary artery
|
|
What structures transmit the branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5) in the middle portion of the cranial fossa?
|
1. Superior orbital fossa: transmits opthalmic branch of CN 5
2. Foramen rotundum: transmits maxillary branch of CN 5 3. Foramen ovale: transmits mandibular branch of CN 5 |
|
True or false: The internal carotid artery is transmitted through the foramen lacerum.
|
False; the foramen is covered in fibrocartilage; the internal carotid artery sits on the superior aspect and goes to the base of the brain.
|
|
What four structures are located in the posterior portion of the cranial fossa?
|
1. Foreman magnum (medulla, spinal cord, vertebral arteries, CN 11)
2. Internal acoustic meatus (CN 7 and 8 enter skull) 3. Hypoglossal canal (CN 12 - hypoglossal nerve) 4. Jugular foramen (internal jugular vein, CN 4, 5, 6 leave skull) |
|
Where does CN 7 exit the skull?
|
Via the stylomastoid foramen
|
|
What supplies all brain tissue with oxygenated blood?
|
Circle of Willis
|
|
Where do aneurysms and/or CVAs in the brain usually occur?
|
In the Circle of Willis
|
|
What are the four major arteries that make up the circle of Willis (2 pairs)?
|
Internal carotids and vertebrals
|
|
What do the following branches of the Circle of Willis supply:
1. Ophthalmic 2. Anterior cerebral 3. Middle cerebral 4. Basilar |
1. Ophthalmic: the orbit
2. Ant. cerebral: frontal lobes, than post. to med. aspect of hemispheres 3. Middle cerebral: lat. extent of hemispheres; primarily parietal and temporal lobes 4. Basilar: the pons |
|
What do the anterior and posterior communicating arteries do?
|
1. Anterior communicating artery connects the ant. cerebral arteries
2. Posterior communicating artery connects the internal carotid to the post. cerebral artery |
|
What are the PICA and AICA arteries? What do they supply?
|
PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery: supplies cerebellum and medulla
AICA: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery: supplies cerebellum and some of the pons |
|
True or false: The superior cerebellar artery supplies the cerebellum and the posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobes.
|
True
|
|
What is the anterior spinal artery?
|
A union of two vertebral branches that runs anterior along the upper spinal cord and medulla
|
|
What are the cavernous sinuses?
|
Paired sinuses that drain the orbit and deep brain
|
|
What are the five unpaired sinuses in the brain?
|
1. Superior sagittal sinus
2. Inferior sagittal sinus 3. Great vein of Galen 4. Straight sinus 5. Confluens of sinuses |
|
Where do the sinuses come together?
|
Confluens of sinuses
|
|
What does the great vein of Galens do?
|
Drains the deep structures of the brain
|
|
What two sinuses run between the dura mater, along the faux cerebrae?
|
Superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
|
|
What are the four paired sinuses (besides the cavernous sinuses) in the brain?
|
1. Transverse sinus
2. Superior petrosal sinus 3. Sigmoid sinus 4. Jugular vein |
|
What sinus empties into the transverse sinus? What drains the transverse sinus?
|
Superior petrosal sinus empties into the transverse and the sigmoid sinus drains it
|
|
What does the jugular vein eventually turn into?
|
The internal jugular
|
|
Where is the faux cerebrae located?
|
It is the dura mater between the two hemispheres
|
|
What is an aneurysm?
|
Swelling of an artery that can rupture and cause blood to leak into the brain tissue. The accumulating blood can then compress brain tissues and cause damage or death.
|
|
What are fontanelles?
|
Regions in a infant skull that are just cartilage, very vunerable to blunt trauma
|
|
What are the three sutures that closes the fontanelles?
|
Saggital, coronal, and lambdoid sutures
|
|
What are the boundaries of the infratemporal region?
|
Superior: skull base
Lateral: ramus of mandible Medial: pharynx Inferior: blends into submandibular region |
|
What are the contents of the infratemporal region?
|
1. Temporomandibular joint
2. Muscles of mastication 3. Maxillary artery 4. Mandibular branch of CN 5 |
|
What makes up the TMJ?
|
The mandibular fossa (ant. slope) of temporal bone and condyle of mandible; all surrounded by a capsule
|
|
What type of joint is the TMJ?
|
Ginglymoarthrodial (hinge and gliding)
|
|
What part of the joint is pressure-bearing?
|
Ant. slope of the fossa (articular eminence)
|
|
What is the significance of the upper and lower compartments separated by an articular disk?
|
Upper - gliding
Lower - hinge |
|
Anterior rotation opens/closes the cavity and posterior rotation opens/closes the cavity.
|
Opens;closes
|
|
What three ligaments are associated with the TMJ?
|
1. Temporomandibular (lat)
2. Stylomandibular 3. Sphenomandibular |
|
What is the purpose of the lateral ligament?
|
To prevent lat/post displacement of joint
|
|
What is the purpose of the stylomandibular ligament?
|
To prevent excessive protrusion of the mandible
|
|
What is the purpose of the sphenomandibular ligament?
|
To prevent excessive depression of the mandible
|
|
What problems can occur at the TMJ?
|
1. Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis
2. Tonic muscle contraction = pain 3. Traumatic dislocation (typically anterior, often due to fracture) |
|
What type of arthritis results in a wearing away of the condyles?
|
Osteoarthritis
|
|
What are the four muscles of mastication? What innervates them?
|
1. Medial pterygoid
2. Lateral pterygoid 3. Temporalis 4. Masseter *All innervated by mandibular nerve* |
|
Medial pterygoid
|
Origin: Med. aspect of lat. pterygoid plate
Insertion: Med. aspect of mandibular ramus Action: Elevate mandible |
|
Lateral pterygoid
|
Origin: Sup. head from great wing of sphenoid; inf. head from lat. aspect of lat. pterygoid plate
Insertion: Sup. head into articular capsule and disk; inf. head into condylar neck Action: Bilateral contraction: protrude mandible (pull condyles forward) and depress mandible; Unilateral contraction: lat. deviate mandible to opposite side |
|
Temporalis
|
Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible Action: Elevate mandible; post. or horiz. fibers retract mandible |
|
Masseter
|
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Lat. aspect of mandibular ramus and angle of mandible Action: Elevate mandible |
|
Where does the maxillary artery branch from?
|
The external carotid artery
|
|
What does the mandibular branch supply?
|
The TMJ, ear, mandible, and lower teeth
|
|
What part of the maxillary artery does the middle meningeal artery branch from? What does it supply?
|
The mandibular branch; it supplies the meninges
|
|
What are the three regions of the maxillary artery?
|
Mandibular, muscular, and pterygopalatine
|
|
What is supplied by the pterygopalatine branch?
|
Central face (nose, palate, etc)
|
|
What nerves branch from the main trunk of the mandibular branch of CN 5?
|
Meningeal and nerves to the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
|
|
What nerves branch from the ant. division of the mandibular branch?
|
Medial pterygoid, masseteric, deep temporal, lat. pterygoid, and buccal nerves
|
|
What nerves branch from the post. division of the mandibular?
|
Auriculotemporal, lingual, inf. alveolar, mylohyoid, and mental nerves
|