Bisc 130 Brachial Plexus And Osteology

Front 1

What ventral rami make up the brachial plexus?

Back 1

Cervical nerves 5-8 and 1st thoracic nerve

Front 2

How is the brachial plexus arranged (starting at rami)?

Back 2

5 rami = 3 trunks = 6 divisions = 3 cords = nerve supply to upper limb

Front 3

Cords in the brachial plexus are named (lat, med, etc) with reference to their relationship to the _________ artery.

Back 3

Axillary

Front 4

What innervates the rhomboids?

Back 4

Dorsal scapular nerve (root)

Front 5

What innervates the serratus anterior?

Back 5

Long thoracic nerve (root)

Hint 5

Roses are red, violets are blue...

Front 6

What innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

Back 6

Suprascapular nerve (trunk)

Front 7

What innervates the subclavius?

Back 7

Subclavius nerve (trunk)

Hint 7

That's an easy one.

Front 8

What innervates pectoralis major?

Back 8

The lateral (from lat. cord) and medial (from med. cord) pectoral nerves

Front 9

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Back 9

Biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis (anterior brachium)

Front 10

What innervates pectoralis minor?

Back 10

The medial pectoral nerve (from medial cord)

Front 11

True or false: The medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous nerves are sensory nerves.

Back 11

True

Front 12

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

Back 12

Flexor carpi ulnaris, medial (ulnar) 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus, and all hand muscles not innervated by median nerve
Sensory/cutaneous distribution: 1/2 of ring finger and pinky (palmer surface)

Front 13

What innervates the subscapularis muscle?

Back 13

Upper subscapular nerve (from post. cord)

Front 14

What innervates the latissimus dorsi?

Back 14

Middle subscapular (aka thoracodorsal) nerve (from post. cord)

Front 15

What innervates the teres major?

Back 15

Lower subscapular nerve (from post. cord)

Front 16

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

Back 16

Deltoid and teres minor

Front 17

What does the radial nerve innervate?

Back 17

Motor: triceps, all muscles on the lateral side of the forearm
Sensory: innervates what the medial and ulnar don't - posterior arm and forearm, lower lateral surface of arm, dorsal lateral surface of the hand

Front 18

What does the median nerve innervate?

Back 18

Motor: anterior forearm muscles (except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus); also, thenar eminence of the thumb and first two lumbrical muscles
Sensory: First 3 1/2 fingers (starting at thumb)

Front 19

Draw the brachial plexus

Back 19

See class notes

Front 20

What movements are spinal cord segments C6 and C7 primarily responsible for?

Back 20

Shoulder extension, wrist flexion and extension

Front 21

What spinal cord segments are primarily responsible for elbow extension and flexion?

Back 21

Extension: C7,8
Flexion: C5,6

Front 22

What spinal cord segments are primarily responsible for radioulnar pronation and supination?

Back 22

Pronation: C7,8
Supination: C6 (biceps)

Front 23

What spinal cord segment(s) are primarily responsible for shoulder flexion?

Back 23

C5

Front 24

What two cords ultimately form the median nerve?

Back 24

The heads of the lateral and medial cords

Front 25

What bones are included in the axial skeleton?

Back 25

Vertebrae, skull and mandible, ribs and sternum

Front 26

What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?

Back 26

Bones of the limbs/extremities

Front 27

What are the four regions of the upper limbs?

Back 27

Girdle (clavicle and scapula), arm (humerus), forearm (radius and ulna), and wrist and hand (carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges)

Front 28

What is the only bony connection between the upper limb and the trunk?

Back 28

The clavicle - attaches sternum and scapula (sternoclavicular joint)

Front 29

What constitutes the anterior surface of the scapula?

Back 29

Mostly the subscapular fossa (where subscapular muscle lies)

Front 30

What are the four parts of the posterior surface of the scapula?

Back 30

1. Spine
2. Acromion (top of shoulder)
3. Upper compartment (supraspinatus fossa)
4. Lower compartment (infraspinatus fossa)

*3&4 are at greater scapular notch and hold corresponding muscles

Front 31

What makes up the superior border of the scapula?

Back 31

Scapular notch and coracoid process

Front 32

What attaches at the medial (vertebral) border of the scapula?

Back 32

Serratus anterior muscle

Front 33

What makes up the lateral (axillary) border of the scapula?

Back 33

Glenoid cavity, infraglenoid tubercle, and supraglenoid tubercle

Front 34

What muscles attach on the lateral side of the scapula?

Back 34

The long head of the biceps at the infraglenoid tubercle and the long head of the biceps at the supraglenoid tubercle

Front 35

In terms of rotation of the scapula, upward and downward refer to the ________, and medial and lateral refer to the _________.

Back 35

Glenoid cavity; inferior angle

Front 36

What bones does the humerus articulate with?

Back 36

The scapula, radius, and ulna

Front 37

Where are fractures most likely to occur on the humerus?

Back 37

The surgical neck (inferior to the anatomical neck)

Front 38

Beginning at the head (and proceding distally), what important landmarks exist on the humerus?

Back 38

Head, anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, surgical neck, intertubular groove

Front 39

What are two important features of the humeral shaft?

Back 39

Deltoid tuberosity (attachment of deltoid muscle) and spiral groove (aka radial - associated with radial nerve)

Front 40

What are important features of the distal end of the humerus?

Back 40

1. Trochlea (spool)
2. Coronoid fossa (for coronoid process of ulna)
3. Olecranon fossa (for olecranon process of ulna)
4. Capitulum (attachment for radius)
5. Medial and lateral epicondyles
6. Supracondylar ridges (go from epicondyles to humerus shaft)

Front 41

What are the condyles at the distal end of the humerus?

Back 41

The trochlea and capitulum

Front 42

What are two (general) differences between the radius and the ulna?

Back 42

1. The radius is bigger and lateral (in anatomic position).
2. The head of the radius is at the proximal end, while the head of the ulna is at the distal end.

Front 43

What muscle inserts at the radial tuberosity on the radius?

Back 43

Biceps

Front 44

What three structures are found at the proximal end of the radius?

Back 44

Head, neck and radial tuberosity

Front 45

What two structures are found at the distal end of the radius?

Back 45

Ulnar notch and styloid process

Front 46

What five structures are found at the proximal end of the ulna?

Back 46

Olecranon process, coronoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch, and ulnar tuberosity

Front 47

Where two structures are located on the distal end of the ulna?

Back 47

Head and styloid process

Front 48

Name the carpal bones in the hand/wrist (radial to ulnar - proximal, then distal)

Back 48

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Hint 48

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle

Front 49

What carpal bone is most frequently fractured? Why is this bone difficult to heal?

Back 49

The navicular (scaphoid); blood supply to this area is naturally compromised, so it is difficult to rebuild the bone.

Front 50

What are the three divisions of the metacarpals?

Back 50

Proximal base, shaft, and distal head

Front 51

What differentiates the thumb from the rest of the digits on the hand (in terms of the phalanges)?

Back 51

The thumb lacks a middle phalanx (all other digits have proximal, middle, and distal phalanx)