Biosci101 Evolution

Front 1

Modern synthesis

Back 1

1.

Front 2

Species

Back 2

Group of populations that actually or potentially interbreed and are reproductively isolated.

Front 3

Hardy/Weinberg equilibrium conditions

Back 3

1. no mutations

2. no net movement of individuals.

3. population is large(chance alone wont alter allele freq.)

4. mating is random

5. offspring of possible matings equally likely to survive.

Front 4

recessive refuge

Back 4

diploidy which shelters rare, recessive alleles from selection.

Front 5

heterozygote superiority

Back 5

i.e. hybrid vigor.

masking effects of recessive alleles.

Front 6

inbreeding depression

Back 6

increased susceptibility to diseases,

reduced reproductive success.

Front 7

clines

Back 7

gradual variation that follows a geographic distribution.

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ecotypes

Back 8

distinct groups of phenotypes of the same species occupying different habitats.

Front 9

Mullerian mimicry

Back 9

2 or more harmful species come to mimic each others warning signals. (co-operation)

Front 10

Batesian mimicry

Back 10

harmless species mimics warning signals of harmful species. (cheating)

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convergent evolution

Back 11

unrelated species come to resemble each other as a result of adaptations to similar selection pressures.

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divergent evolution

Back 12

similar, related populations become dissimilar...can lead to new species.

Front 13

sympatric speciation

Back 13

without geographic isolation.

plants= polyploidy, hybridisation.

disruptive (preferential) selection.

Front 14

Macroevolution- 4 patterns

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1. phyletic change

2. cladogenesis

3. adaptive radiation

4. extinction

Front 15

phyletic change

Back 15

(anagenesis) gradual change within a single lineage over time.

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cladogenesis

Back 16

change produced by branching off of populations from each other to form new species.

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adaptive radiation

Back 17

rapid formation of new species from single ancestor...fill new ecological niche.

Front 18

phylogenetic

Back 18

evolutionary history.

taxon only of organisms from common ancestor.

Front 19

biological species concept

Back 19

see normal species definition...

-ves= doesnt apply to extinct or asexual species

Front 20

morphological

Back 20

similarities in body structures.

Front 21

homologous structures

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result of common ancestory

Front 22

analogous structures

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adaptation to similar environments.