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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotic Characteristics
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Simpe
"before Nucleus" Has no membrance bound organelles |
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Eukaryotic Characteristics
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Complex
"true nucleus" has membrane-bound organelles |
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What is the plasma membrane?
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separates cells from its environment, controls x-change of materials with the environment; transport of nutrients, ion channels, signal transduction, endocytosis and exocytosis. These involve specific protiens/receptors, membrane lipids and other cellular components.
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What is the cytoplasm?
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everything inside the plasma membrane
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What is the cytosol?
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the liquid portion of the cytoplasm, remains after removal of organelles and suspended particles
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What is the nucleus?
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contains the genome of the cell. contains most of the cells DNA, the Chromosomes, and is involved in the information storage and retrieval.
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What is the RER?
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Network of intracellular membranes that are studded with Ribosomes, which are nucleoprotien (RNA + Proteins) particles involved in protein synthesis.
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What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Network of intracellular membranes contiguous with the RER, it is involved in Lipid biosynthesis, and calcium ion storage and release in muscle cells.
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What is the Golgi Complex?
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membrane vesicles involved in the postotranslational modification of newly synthesized protein, involved in protein secretion and targeting.
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What is the Mitochondria involved in?
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site of oxidative reactions including the TCA (Krebs) cycle, ETC, oxidative phosphorylation (produces most ATP) and fatty acid oxidation. Has two membranes with different permeabilities. Contains DNA to code for mitochondrial protiens.
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What are Chloroplasts?
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Site of photosynthesis in plant cells
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What are Lysosomes?
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contain degradative enzymes such as proteases, lipases and nucleases. function to destroy cellular debris, old proteins, etc..
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What is the cytoskeleton?
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meshwork of protein filaments that provide support and organization to the cytoplasm. involved in cellular motion.
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Rods and Cones cells contain an outer segment that contains what?
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Rodopsin pigment (protein)
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Heirarchy of Organization in Cell Structure
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nucleotides --> Macromolecules (DNA) --> Supramolecular complexes (chromosomes)
A.A's --> proteins --> plasma membrane Sugars --> cellulose --> cell wall |
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What is the hydrophobic effect?
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Water molecules form ordered cage around nonpolar molecules, this ↓entropy (chaos) of water molecules and is not thermodynamically favored. If nonpolar molecules associate with each other to exclude water, then entropy is ↑ and is favored
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Acids ____ protons, Bases ____ them.
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donate, accept
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What is the equilibrium constant of a weak acid
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Ka = [products]/[reactants]
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True or false: A higher Ka means a weaker acid?
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False, means a stronger acid, products > reactants
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True or false: A higher pKa = a weaker acid?
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True, pKa = -log KA
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What is a solution that resists change in pH upon addition of acid or base. It is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base?
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A buffer
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True or False: Hypoventilation (under breathing, holding breath) causes an increase in CO2 in blood, therefore causing acidosis?
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True by shifting equilibrium toward production of H+
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True or False: Hyperventilation (over breathing) shifts equilibrium away from production of H+?
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True, causes alkalosis
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