Biomechanics Final 2016

Front 1

equation for linear acceleration

Back 1

a= total velocity/ total time

Front 2

linear velocity equation

Back 2

v=d/t

Front 3

Linear impulse equation

Back 3

total force x time

Front 4

linear inertia

Back 4

mass

Front 5

linear momentum equation

Back 5

L=mv

Front 6

linear equation for work

Back 6

w=fxt

Front 7

linear power equation

Back 7

p=fxt

Front 8

linear equation for KE

Back 8

1/2mv^2

Front 9

angular acceleration equation

Back 9

alpha=final-initial/ total time

Front 10

angular velocity equation

Back 10

v=total angular/total time

Front 11

angular impulse equation

Back 11

I=total torquext

Front 12

angular inertia equation

Back 12

I=mka^2

Front 13

angular momentum equation

Back 13

H=inertia x angular velocity

Front 14

angular work equation

Back 14

w= torque x beta angle

Front 15

angular power equation

Back 15

p=torque x angular velocity

Front 16

angular equation for KE

Back 16

KE= 1/2xIx angular velocity^2

Front 17

mass on the move

quantity of motion

Back 17

momentum

Front 18

stored energy that results from the acceleration of gravity

Back 18

PE

Front 19

product of net force and the time over which the net force is applied

Back 19

impulse

Front 20

KE

Back 20

capacity of an object or athlete to do mechanical work by being on the move

Front 21

amount of mechanical work done in a particular time period

Back 21

Power

Front 22

strain energy

Back 22

form of stored energy able to restore themselves after being applied a force that pushed them out of original shape.

Front 23

applying force over particular time

Back 23

work

Front 24

directly proportional to force

indirectly proportional to mass

Back 24

acceleration

Front 25

_________ is indefinite if not for 3 forces acting upon is ___________,__________ and __________

Back 25

movement

gravity

friction

air resistance

Front 26

any object that has mas and velocity

Back 26

momentum

Front 27

momentum depends on two quantities

Back 27

mass and velocity

Front 28

the total momentum of any given sys. will remain constant unless acted upon by an external force or the momentum before a collision is equal to the momentum after the collision

Back 28

conservation of momentum

Front 29

impulse is an example of which of newtons law?

Back 29

newtons 2nd law

Front 30

increase momentum= __________ impulse

Back 30

increase

Front 31

when conserving momentum one must either

Back 31

increase F and decrease T

or

increase T and decrease F

Front 32

if mass is constant and velocity is double KE will increase

Back 32

four fold

Front 33

triple the velocity and KE will increase by

Back 33

9 fold

Front 34

three forms of energy

Back 34

Kinetic energy

gravitational (PE)

strain

Front 35

true of false KE is always conserved

Back 35

false KE is never conserved is causes Deformation and generates heat and noise

Front 36

two types of collison

Back 36

elastic and inelastic

Front 37

object separate and move away after collision

Back 37

rebound

Front 38

force by which objects push back to original shape

Back 38

elastic coil

Front 39

at the PEAK height the bar

Back 39

KE is at 0 for an instant

PE is maxed for that height

PE is progressively converted to KE as athlete falls to earth

Front 40

measures the bounciness or resilience of an object

Back 40

Coefficient of restitution

Front 41

2 components of friction

Back 41

friction: parallel to surface
normal friction: perpendicular

Front 42

movement through angle is described in _________ of rotation

Back 42

degrees

Front 43

___________ is most important to produce torque

Back 43

transverse

Front 44

T/F

if the force to lever is < resistance = no angular motion is created

Back 44

False.

if the force to lever is> resistance = angular motion will occur

Front 45

force to lever mus be ( greater or less) than resistance to generate no motion

Back 45

less

Front 46

1st lever syst

Back 46

FAR

Front 47

2nd lever syst

Back 47

ARF

Front 48

3rd lever syst

Back 48

AFR

Front 49

which class lever has the greatest MA give an example

Back 49

2nd

calf insertion

Front 50

most joints in the body are an example of which class

Back 50

3rd

Front 51

further away from the axis of rotation does what to momentum and impulse

Back 51

increase momentum

increase impulse

Front 52

distance that force is from axis

Back 52

radius of gyration

Front 53

torque is dependent on

Back 53

amt of force applied

radius of gyration

Front 54

this force pulls toward the center of axis of rotation

Back 54

centripetal

Front 55

this force pulls against inward force

Back 55

centrifugal

Front 56

tendency of object or athlete to resist initial rotation

also know as rotary inertia

Back 56

Moment of inertia

Front 57

the ____ the mass is from the axis of rotation the ______-- the radius of gyration = the greater rotary inertia

Back 57

farther

greater

Front 58

_______ in rotary inertia object finds it easier to rotate and speeds up

Back 58

decrease in MOI

Front 59

doubling radius from 2 to 4= increase in MOI by

Back 59

four fold

Front 60

__________ plane and _________ axis increases the MOI the mose

Back 60

transverse plane

longitudinal axis

Front 61

how do you increase angular momentum

Back 61

increase mass (not realistic in some cases)

shift mass as far away from axis as possible

increase angular velocity

Front 62

angular momentum has 3 components

Back 62

mass

how mass is positioned

rate of rotation or swing

Front 63

arched back

Back 63

decrease in MOI

increase time of GRF

increase impulse

Front 64

mechanics

Back 64

branch of physics involving analysis of the actions of forces

Front 65

biomechanics

Back 65

study of biological sys. from mechanical perspective

Front 66

force x time=

Back 66

impulse

Front 67

T/F the longer the impulse the greater the momentum

Back 67

True

Front 68

T/F coaching is an example of quantitative technique to improve performance

Back 68

False. coaching is an example of qualitative technique

Front 69

a biomechanist and a researcher are examples of

Back 69

quantitative technique

Front 70

Bud and Dick Held ________ surface area of a javelin creating greater lift

Back 70

increased

Front 71

newtons 1st law

Back 71

law of inertia: everybody continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change when acted upon by external forces

Front 72

Newtons 2nd law

Back 72

Law of acceleration: the change of motion of an object is proportional to the force applied and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is applied.

Front 73

T/F acceleration is indirectly proportional to is mass.

Back 73

True.

Front 74

T/F a force or torque acting on a body will produce an acceleration proportional to the force or torque

Back 74

true

Front 75

Mass x acceleration

Back 75

Force

Front 76

3rd law of motion

Back 76

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Front 77

what three things are derived from length and time

Back 77

speed, velocity and acceleration

Front 78

movement around an axis

Back 78

angular motion

Front 79

movement occurs in a straight line

Back 79

linear motion

Front 80

distance of straight line in a specific direction

from point A to point B

Back 80

displacement

Front 81

rotational force

Back 81

torque

Front 82

description of motion, position, speed, distance and direction

Back 82

kinematics

Front 83

forces that cause or tend to cause motion

Back 83

kinetics

Front 84

distance traveled

Back 84

the length of the total path followed by an object from starting position to ending position

Front 85

who invented analytical geometry

Back 85

rene descartes

Front 86

True or False speed is a vector quantity

Back 86

false scalar

length/ time

Front 87

____________- and __________ are both vector quantity

Back 87

velocity and acceleration

Front 88

change in position / time

Back 88

velocity

Front 89

rate if change in velocity

Back 89

acceleration

Front 90

9.81m/s/s

Back 90

gravity

Front 91

applying a force through the COG

Back 91

centric force

Front 92

applied NOT through COG

Back 92

eccentric force

Front 93

GRF stand for

Back 93

Ground reaction force

Front 94

grounds reaction to forces placed upon it

Back 94

GRF

Front 95

internal pulling forces are

Back 95

tensile forces

Front 96

two types of contact forces

Back 96

normal contact force

friction

Front 97

what is the contact force parallel to the two surfaces which opposes motion or sliding between the surfaces.

Back 97

friction

Front 98

line of action perpendicular to the surface in contact

Back 98

normal contact force

Front 99

two types of friction

Back 99

static and dynamic

Front 100

True or false. is not affected by the size of the surface area in contact

Back 100

true

Front 101

T/F friction is greater with soft and rough surfaces than with hard and smooth surfaces

Back 101

true

Front 102

____ force is thesum of all the external forces acting on it

Back 102

net

Front 103

T/F muscles push only

Back 103

False. muscle pull!

Front 104

Force x distance

Back 104

work

Front 105

work / time

Back 105

power

Front 106

movement is indefinite if not foe what 3 forces acting on it

Back 106

gravity

friction

air resistance

Front 107

acceleration is ( directly/ inversely) proportional to force

Back 107

directly

Front 108

acceleration is ( directly/ inversely) proportional to mass

Back 108

inversely

Front 109

quantity of motion

Back 109

momentum

Front 110

any object which has both__________ and a __________ is said to have momentum

Back 110

mass, velocity

Front 111

mass x velocity=

Back 111

L= momentum

Front 112

conservation of momentum

Back 112

total momentum of any given system will remain constant unless acted upon by an external force.

Front 113

net force x time over which the net force is applied

Back 113

impulse

Front 114

no distance = no _____

Back 114

work

Front 115

power is measured

Back 115

watts

Front 116

three forms of energy

Back 116

KE, potention( gravitational), Strain

Front 117

ability of an athlete or object to do work

Back 117

energy

Front 118

1/2 mv2

Back 118

KE

Front 119

more mass. more velocity= more

Back 119

KE

Front 120

capacity of an athlete or object to do mechanical work by moving

Back 120

KE

Front 121

KE is an example of which newtons laws

Back 121

3rd law

Front 122

T/F mass constant and double velocity, KE increases four fold

Back 122

true

Front 123

stored energy which results from acceleration of gravity

Back 123

PE

Front 124

PE is described in

Back 124

joules

Front 125

form of stored energy that results from an object being pushed out of original shape and then restore itself to original shape

Back 125

SE

Front 126

law of conservation of energy

give examples

Back 126

one form of energy is exchanged for other forms of energy

noise, heat, deformation

Front 127

measure of bounciness or resilience

give highest and lowest scale

Back 127

coefficient of resitution

hight cor1. lowest is 0.

Front 128

stride frequency

Back 128

cadence

Front 129

T/F sprinter has less horizontal rotation of arms shoulders and trunk

Back 129

true

Front 130

path of cog during flight in a high jump depends on ___________- and _________

Back 130

take off velocity

angle

Front 131

T/F throwing a discus is uses the kinetic chain action from upper to lower body musculature

Back 131

False. from lower to upper