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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is biomechanics |
Study of forces that are applied to the outside and inside of the body and the body's reaction to those forces |
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What is Newton's first law |
A body will remain at rest, or in motion unless it is effected by an external force to change it state |
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Static Equilibrium and NFL |
Body is not moving |
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Dynamic Equilibrium and NFL |
Constant Velocity |
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What is Inertia |
Amountof energy required to alter the velocity of a body Proportional to mass (Heavier object the more inertia to change velocity) |
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What is the Center of mass |
Point where mass is evenly distributed in all directions |
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What is center of gravity? |
Point where effects of gravity are balanced |
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What is the mass moment of inertia |
Indicates a body's resistance to change in angular velocity (diver and baseball bat) |
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What is Newtons Second law |
Law of acceleration Liner acceleration is proportional to force. |
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How is force measured? |
Newtons: N= 1kg m/Sec^2 |
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How is Torque measured? |
Newton meters 1kg-m^2/sec^2 |
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What is Momentum |
(p) Quantity of motion of a body Mass x Velocity in kg-m/sec |
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What is Impulse |
Force applied over time Force x time |
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What is the relationship between Impulse and Momentum |
F x t = m x (Delta)v |
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How do you decrease force |
Prolonged impact time |
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Work - Energy relationship |
Work = Force x distance |
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What are the types of energy? |
Kinetic and Potential energy |
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Desccribe the Work energy relationship |
Describes changes in KE caused by a force over a given time |
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Define power |
Rate of performing work P= W/t Muscles must generate adequate power to preform movements |
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What is Newtons 3rd law of Motion |
Law of action and reaction For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Walking, foot produces a force against the ground and ground pushes back and an equal force. |
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What is Anthropometry |
Measurements of certain physical features eof human body mass, wt, vol, cog |
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What is a free body diagram |
Diagram shoeing all the forces act on an object |
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What are the components of a free body diagram |
M=resultantmuscle force S=weight of shank F=weight of foot G=ground reaction force J=joint reaction force s = gravity |
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What is a realtive reference frame |
Looking at one segment as it moves on another segment Forearm relative to the upper arm |
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What is Global Reference Frame |
BOOK DEFINITION |
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What is the Cartesian Coordinate system |
BOOK |
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Rules for looking and Force and Torque graphicall |
Vectors are arrows Aligned tip to tail Length of arrows must be scaled to magnitude, orientation, and direction |
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Rules for Mathmatically looking at Fores and Torques |
Does not require same precision Accurate method of force Uses Rectangular components and Right angle trig |
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What are collinear forces |
Two or more forces that share a common line of force |
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What is vector composition |
Adding forces together. Mutliple collinear forces may be added to create a single resultant force (R) |
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What are coplanar forces |
Book Joint reaction force = Resultant force |
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Parallelogram method |
Book |
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What is Vector resolution |
Process of replacing a single force with the component forces that when combined are equal to the original force X axis - parallel to long axis of bone - JRF Y axos - Perpendicular to long axis - torque |
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What happens with a change in angular position of the joint? |
The angle of insertion of the muscle will change
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How to determine Internal Torque |
My x IMAy or M x IMAm |
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How to determine External Torque |
EMAry x Ry or EMAr x R |
