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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Karyotype
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*a picture of chromosomes arranged in this way is known as a karyotype.
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Sex chromosomes
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*2 of the 46 chromosomes determine an individuals's sex.
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autosomes
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*the remaining 44 chromosomes are known as autosomal chromosomes.
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pedigree
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*shows the relationship within a family.
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Geonotype
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**used by family counselors to ananlyze pedigreee charts.
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polygenic
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*traits that are controlled by many genes.
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Recessive alleles
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*many genes have become known through the study of genetic disorders.
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Autosomal recessive alleles
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*the cause of many disorders.
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dominant alleles
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*effects of dominant alleles are expressed even when the recessive is present.
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cystic fibrosis
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*most common allele that causes cystic fibrosis is missing 3 DNA BASES.
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What is the characterics of cystic fibrosis?
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*found in African Americans
*bent and twisted shape of the red blood cell **1 DNA base is changed *causes a thick, heavy mucus that clogs their lungs and breathing passageways. |
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What causes genetic disorders?
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*Mutations in the DNA causes genetic diseases.
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How are mutations passed on to their offspring?
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*through gametes
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Genetic disorders
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*cause by mutations in DNA
*passed on to offspring through gametes *abnormal number of chromosomes |
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Genetic engineering
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*biologist make changes in the DNA OF A LIVING ORGANISM
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Transgenic Organisms
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*CONTAINS GENES FROM OTHER SPECIES
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What is Cloning?
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*a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell.
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What was the first clone?
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* a sheep, named Dolly
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What 3 things have transgenic bacteria been used to produce?
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1.insulin
2. growth hormone 3. clotting factor |
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How have transgenic animals been used?
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1. improve food supply
2.mice have been produced with human genes that make their immune system similar to humans which allows scientist to study the effects of diseases. |
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What is down's syndrome?
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*known as a trisomy, 3 copies of chromosome 21
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