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20 Cards in this Set

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allele
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic
There are different alleles for each gene, different versions of each gene
dominant
allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one pair of homologous chromosomes
fully expressed
recessive
trait or allele expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
only when 2 are inherited
P generation
parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
F^1
1st generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of 2 organisms
F^2
2nd generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of 2 organisms
Law of segregation
law stating that pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only on chromosome from each pair is present in the gamete
Law of Independent Assortment
law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
pure
true breeding, both alleles the same
test cross
crossing of an individual of unknown genotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
trait
genetically determined variant of a characteristic
codominance
condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed
incomplete dominance
condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's 2 parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully
dihybrid cross
a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same genes
monohybrid cross
a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits
genotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
pheyotype
an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment
heterozygous
describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait
homozygous
describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes
Punnett square
a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross