Biology Vocabulary

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they are organs that are not physically part of the digestive system but they help out in the process of the digestive system

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accessory organs

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enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into simpler sugars

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Salivary Amylase

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protein-digesting enzyme secreted in the stomach; remains inactive until hydrochloric acid is present

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Pepsin

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The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward

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Peristalsis

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A carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

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Polysaccharide

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enzyme that hydrolyzes the peptide bonds that link amino acids in proteins and peptides

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Peptide Bonds

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substance upon which an enzyme acts

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Substrate

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An ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups. Triglycerides are the main constituents of natural fats and oils, and high concentrations in the blood

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Triglyceride

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Any of numerous minute elongated projections set closely together on a surface, typically increasing its surface area for the absorption of substances, in particular

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villus (villi)

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using tongue to roll up food into a smooth lump-like mass. the bolus enters the esophagus, passing the windpipe on the way

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bolus

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is the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum

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chyme

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the process of digestion where food particles are broken down

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digestive tract

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A very large molecule, as a colloidal particle, protein, or especially a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms

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macromolecule

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Enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of carbohydrates

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Carbohydrase

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Enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of carbohydrates

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Catalyst

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Chemical decomposition in which a compound is split into other compounds by reacting with water

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Hydrolysis

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An organ found in the abdomen that performs hundreds of functions as an accessory organ of the digestive system, including the secretion of bile to digest fats; other functions include plasma protein production, blood detoxification, and glycogen storage

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Liver

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Any of a group of carbohydrates, as sucrose or lactose, that yield monosaccharides on hydrolysis.

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Disaccharide

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A carbohydrate that does not hydrolyze, as glucose, fructose, or ribose, occurring naturally or obtained by the hydrolysis of glycosides or polysaccharides.

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Monosaccharide

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Chemical reaction that forms covalent bonds by removing OH- from one subunit and H+ from the other resulting in a lost water molecule

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Dehydration Synthase

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Organ that stores bile produced by the liver

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Gall Bladder

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Stomach hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and the inactive precursor molecule of pepsin from glands in the stomach

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Gastrin

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The tendency of a system, especially the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any situation or stimulus that would tend to disturb its normal condition or function.

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Homeostasis

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Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids

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Lipase

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The extent to which a nutrient or medication can be used by the body

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Bioavailability

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Protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction

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Enzyme