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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biotechnology
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the use of organisms to perform practical tasks for humans
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recombinant DNA technology
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combines genes from different sources (even different species) into a single DNA molecule
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plasmids
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a small, circular DNA molecule separate from the much larger bacterial chromosome
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restrition enzyme
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tools used to cut DNA
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DNA ligse
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"pastes" sticky ends together, repairing the backbone.
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Genomic library
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the completecollection of cloned DNA fragments from an molecule
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Nucleic Acid Probe
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teh complementary, radioactively labeled nucleic acid molecule
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Genetically modified organisms (GMO)
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any organism taht has acquired one or more genes by artificial means
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transgenic
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what a GMO is if the source fot eh new genetic material is form a different species
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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is a technique that makes many copies of a certain segment of DNA without using living cells. It is used to make large enough samples of DNA for further analysis.
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Gel electrophoresis
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a useful technique for sorting molecules of fragments of molecules by length
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genetic markers
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radioactive probes that detect similar DNA fragments
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DNA fingerprint
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banding pattern produced by restriction fragments
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operon
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cluster of genes and control sequences
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promoter
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first control sequence, the site where RNA polumerase attaches to DNA
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operator
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acts like a switch, determining whether or not RNA plymerase can attach to the promoter
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repressor
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turns off transcription; a protein that functions by binding to the operator and blocking the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter
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Transcription factors
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regulate transcription by binding to those promoters or to RNA polymerases
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cellular differentiations
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as embryo continues to develop, cell become increasingly specialized in structure and function
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stem cells
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certain groups of cells that remain undifferentiated
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homeotic genes
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master control genes that direct development of body parts in specific locations in many organisms
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