Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Nucleus
|
*Is at the center of the atom
*Contains protons and neutrons *In a cell it holds DNA *Controls cells activities |
|
|
|
Electron
|
* A negative subatomic particle
*Located outside the nucleus |
|
|
|
Element
|
A substance consisting of one type of atom
|
|
|
|
Isotope
|
Atoms that are the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
|
|
|
|
A (chemical) compound
|
A substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions.
|
|
|
|
Ionic Bond
|
Is formed when two or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
|
|
|
|
Covalent Bond
|
Is formed when electrons are shared between atoms.
|
|
|
|
van der Waals forces
|
A slight attraction that developed between the oppositley charged regions of nearby molecules
|
|
|
|
Osmosis
|
Diffusion of water thruogh a slectively permeable membrane
|
|
|
|
Activation Energy
|
Energy needed to get a reaction started
|
|
|
|
Diffusion
|
Process by which molecules tend to to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an are where they are less concentrated
|
|
|
|
The cell theory applies to...
|
multicellular organisms
|
|
|
|
Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities?
|
The nucleus
|
|
|
|
Prokaryotes lack....
|
a nucleus
|
|
|
|
Prokaryote
|
Single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus
|
|
|
|
Eukaryote
|
Organsim whose cells contain nuclei
|
|
|
|
Eukaryotes usually contain....
|
A nucleus
specialized organelles genetic material |
|
|
|
Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is....
|
made of tough fibers
|
|
|
|
You wont find a cell wall in which of the organisms?
|
Animals
|
|
|
|
Which of the following is a function of the nuleus?
A) stores DNA B) controls most of the cell's processes C) contains the information needed to make protiens D) all of the above |
D
|
|
|
|
What is something that is not found in the nucleus?
|
Cytoplasm
|
These things are found in the nucleus : DNA and chromatin
|
|
|
Ion
|
Atom that has a positive or negative charge
|
|
|
|
Cohesion
|
An attraction between molecules of the same substance.
|
|
|
|
A Mixture
|
A material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined.
|
|
|
|
Adhesion
|
An attraction between molecules of different molecules.
|
|
|
|
A Solution
|
A mixure of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed.
|
|
|
|
Suspension
|
A mixture of water and nondissolved materials.
|
|
|
|
A pH scale
|
Indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
|
|
|
|
Acid
|
Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution.
|
|
|
|
Base
|
A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
|
|
|
|
Buffers
|
are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.
|
|
|
|
Compounds
|
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in defenite proportions.
|
|
|
|
Monomers
|
Small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers.
|
|
|
|
Polymer
|
Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers.
|
|
|
|
Proteins
|
Macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
|
|
|
|
Species
|
A group of organisms so similiar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
|
|
|
|
What can affect population size?
|
* Number of births
* Number of deaths * number of individuals that leave or enter the population |
|
|
|
Carrying Capacity
|
Largest number of individuals of a population that a given enviroment can support.
|
|
|
|
cell Membrane
|
A thin, flexible barrier around the cell.
|
|
|
|
Cytoplasm
|
Material inside the cell membrane-but not including the nucleus.
|
|
|
|
Chromatin
|
Visible within the nucleus
Holds DNA tightly coiled around protiens |
|
|
|
Chromosome
|
threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
|
|
|
|
Nuclear Envelope
|
Surrounds the nucleus by a double membrane layer.
|
|
|
|
Cytoskeleton
|
Helps support the cell
|
|
|
|
Ribosomes
|
Small particles made of RNA and protien
|
|
|
|
Lysosomes
|
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
|
|
|
|
Facilitated Diffusion
|
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes thruogh protien channels
|
|
|
|
Autotrophs
|
Organsims (like plants) make there own food
|
|
|
|
Heterotrophs
|
Obtain energy from foods they consume
|
|
|
|
Anaerobic
|
Does not regiure oxygen
|
|
|
|
Fermentation
|
Releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.
|
|
|
|
Aerobic
|
Requires oxygen (pathways for cellular respiration)
|
|
|
|
Cell division
|
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells
|
|
|
|
Centromere
|
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
|
|
|
|
chromatids
|
One of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome
|
|
|
|
Interphase
|
Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
|
|
|
|
Mitosis
|
Part of eukayotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
|
|
|
|
Prophase
|
The chromosomes become visible
The centrioles seperate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus |
|
|
|
Centrioles
|
Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope.
|
|
|
|
Spindle
|
fanlike microtubule structure that helps seperate the chromosomes during mitosis.
|
|
|
|
Metaphase
|
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
|
|
|
|
levels of organization
|
subatomic (quantum)
subatomic (normal) atomic molecular cell tissues organs organ system organism population community ecosystem biomes biosphere (earth) solar system galaxy universe |
|
|
|
Name the 7 SI Units
|
length - meter
mass - gram temperature - kelvin/Celsius time - seconds current - amperes (amp) amt. of chemical substance - mole (6.02 times 10 to the 23 power) luminosity - candela |
|
|
|
homeostasis
|
dynamic equilibrium - all the things are changing but still staying the same
|
|
|
|
evolution
|
change over time and natural selection can change over time
|
|
|
|
interdependence of organisms
|
ecology (depend on one another)
|
|
|
|
states (phases) of matter
|
solid, liquid, gas
|
|
|
|
isomers
|
same formula different structure
|
|
|
|
ethers formula
|
ROR
|
|
|
|
carboxylic acid
|
RCOOH
|
|
|
|
amines
|
RNH2
RNHR1 RNR1 R11 |
|
|
|
AMINO ACID
|
carboxylic acid @ 1 end and amine @ the other end
|
|
|
|
non polar
|
like dissolves like
|
|
|
|
organic nutrients
|
Protein
carbohydrate fats (lipid) nucleic acids |
|
|
|
carbohydrate
|
1st source of energy
3 types mono, di, and polysaccharides 3 types of polysaccharides - glycogen (animals), starch(animal/plant), and cellulose(plant) |
|
|
|
cellulase breaks down cellulose because
|
ose means sugar and ase means enzyme
|
|
|
|
Lipids
|
stores energy twice as much energy as carbohydrates
insulation, protection |
|
|
|
proteins
|
need for muscle and other structures- used as enzymes (last resource for energy)
same energy as carbohydrates can be very complex formula is amino acid |
|
|
|
Nucleic Acids
|
has contains phosphate group, sugar, and 1 of the 4 nitrogen bases.
|
|
|
|
nitrogen bases depends on...
|
DNA and RNA
DNA contains ademine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. RNA contains ademine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil |
|
|
|
modern cell theory
|
1. cells are the basic unit of structure & function for all life
2. all organisms are composed of cells 3. all cells come from pre- existing cells. |
|
|
|
ribosomes
|
lack a membrane
|
|
|
|
mitochondria
|
releases energy in form of ATP
|
|
|
|
Nucleus
|
contains DNA, Nucleolus, nuclearplasm, nuclear membrane, nuclear pores
|
|
|
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum
|
2 types
rough (ribosomes attached) and smooth transportation |
|
|
|
Golgi Apparatus
|
-packages protein
-finishes the process of protein -send protein to outside of cell or go to another cell |
|
|
|
cell wall
|
fungi, plants, bacteria
|
|
|
|
difference btw. plant cell and animal cell
|
plant cell has cell wall and chloroplasts while aminal cell has lysosomes
|
|
|
|
active transport
|
- moves from low concentration to high concentration
- need energy |
|
|
|
passive transport
|
- moves from low concentration to high concentration
- no energy needed -diffusion - osmosis - facilitated diffusion |
|
|
|
Law of Dominance
|
dominant trait will be shown if there is atleast one dominant allele (Tt, TT)
|
|
|
|
Law of Segregation
|
when alleles for a given gene separate, you are as likely to get one as the other.
|
|
|
|
Law of Independent Assortment
|
multiple gene (alleles) will separate from one another at random.
|
|
