Biology Unit 2

Front 1

A body that consists of one cell only.

( amoeba, bacteria, and paramecium )

Back 1

UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS

Front 2

A body that consists of many cells.

( man, whale, and trees )

Back 2

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

Front 3

Building and functional unit of living organisms.

Back 3

CELL

Front 4

1. All living organisms are made up of cells.

2. Cells are the basic functional units.

3. Cells come from other pre-existing living cells.

Back 4

CELL THEORY

Front 5

The product of multiplying the magnifying power of ocular lens X the magnifying power of objective lens.

Back 5

LIGHT MICROSCOPE MAGNIFYING POWER

Front 6

A double membrane separates the contents of the nucleus from cytoplasm and contains several tiny spores through which substances pass between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Back 6

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Front 7

A transparent gelatinous fluid that contain the chromatin.

Back 7

NUCLEOPLASM

Front 8

Minute tangled filaments coiled around themselves, found inside the nucleoplasm and change into chromosomes during cell division.

Back 8

CHROMATIN

Front 9

A rod-like structure in the metaphase consisting of 2 chromatids connected together at centromere.

Back 9

CHROMOSOME

Front 10

A fluid-like substance that contains a network of filaments, microtubules, and a group of various structures.

Back 10

CYTOPLASM

Front 11

A tissue consists of a group of symmetrical cells in the structure, shape and function.

Back 11

SIMPLE TISSUE

Front 12

A tissue consists of more than one type of cells.

Back 12

COMPOUND TISSUE

Front 13

Tubes made up of a vertical row of cells.

Back 13

XYLEM VESSELS

Front 14

Cells from which protoplasm was disappeared and their walls get lignified.

Back 14

XYLEM TRACHEIDS

Front 15

Tubes originated from cells compacted vertically above each other.

Back 15

SIEVE TUBES

Front 16

A tissue where its cells are organised in one layer. Their cells are flattened, cuboidal, or columnar.

Back 16

SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Front 17

A tissue where its cells are organised in several layers, such as stratified squamous tissue.

Back 17

COMPOUND EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Front 18

A tissue that consists of distant cells immersed in intercellular substances.

Back 18

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Front 19

A tissue consisted of cells known as muscular cells or muscle fibers and has the ability of contraction and relaxation.

Back 19

MUSCULAR TISSUE

Front 20

A tissue consisted of cells called nerve cells.

Back 20

NERVOUS TISSUE

Front 21

Building unit of the nervous system.

(A long cell that transmits messages from spinal cord to toes.)

Back 21

NERVE CELLS

Front 22

A cylindrical cell characterised by its ability of contraction and relaxation.

Back 22

MUSCULAR CELL

Front 23

The largest cell in size.

Back 23

CELL OF THE UNFERTILIZED EGG OF OSTRICH

Front 24

A microscope in which glass lenses are used.

Its magnifying power reaches 1500 times.

Back 24

LIGHT MICROSCOPE

Front 25

A microscope that depends on electrons.

Can magnify up to 1 million times the original size.

It depends on the presence of electromagnetic lenses.

Back 25

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Front 26

The magnifying power of ocular lens X the magnifying power of objective lens

Back 26

MAGNIFYING POWER OF LIGHT MICROSCOPE

Front 27

An electron microscope used for studying cell surface.

Back 27

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Front 28

An electron microscope used for studying internal structures of cells.

Back 28

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Front 29

Type of lenses used in light microscope.

Back 29

GLASS LENS

Front 30

Type of lenses used in electron microscope.

Back 30

ELECTROMAGNETIC LENS

Front 31

The first scientist who observed the world of microscopic organisms and living cells.

Back 31

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK

Front 32

The scientist who deduced all plants are composed of cells.

Back 32

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN

Front 33

The scientist who deduced that all animal bodies are consisted of cells.

Back 33

THEODOR SCHWANN

Front 34

The doctor who showed that cell is the functional unit in all organisms.

Back 34

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

Front 35

English scientist who invented a simple microscope in 1665.

Back 35

ROBERT HOOK

Front 36

A pitted cellulose wall that allows the passage of water and other substances.

Back 36

CELL WALL

Front 37

A membrane that controls what enters or leaves the cell.

Back 37

CELL MEMBRANE

Front 38

A spherical structure in the middle of the cell and the controlling centre of all cell activities.

Back 38

NUCLEUS

Front 39

A double membrane that separates contents of nucleus from cytoplasm.

Back 39

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Front 40

A transparent gelatinous fluid that contains tangled filaments coiled around themselves.

Back 40

NUCLEOPLASM

Front 41

A structure in the nucleus responsible for making ribosomes.

Back 41

NUCLEOLUS

Front 42

A type of protein that DNA coils around to form chromosome.

Back 42

HISTONE

Front 43

Cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.

Many round organelles on the outer surface of endoplasmic reticulum.

Back 43

RIBOSOMES

Front 44

An organelle with 2 centrioles found in all animal cells.

Back 44

CENTROSOME

Front 45

A reticulum of membranous tubules that transfers substances from a place to another inside the cell.

Back 45

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Front 46

Minute membranous tubules characterized by large numbers of ribosomes on their surface.

(found in cells of cheek linings and endocrine glands)

Back 46

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Front 47

Minute membranous tubules where ribosomes are not found.

(found in liver cells)

Back 47

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Front 48

A group of flattened sacs with rounded ends in the cell.

Back 48

GOLGI BODY

Front 49

A small sized membranous vesicle responsible for decomposing senile and worn organelles.

Back 49

LYSOSOME

Front 50

An organelle responsible for energy production inside the cell.

Back 50

MITOCHONDRION

Front 51

Membranous sacs filled with fluids.

Back 51

VACUOLES

Front 52

The chemical compound where the energy produced from glucose oxidation is stored.

Back 52

ADENINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

Front 53

Various shaped membranous organelles found in plant cells only.

Back 53

PLASTIDS

Front 54

A type of plastid found in petals of flowers or fruits.

Back 54

CHROMOPLASTS

Front 55

A type of plastid found in cells of sweet potato roots, potato tubers, and the internal leaves of cabbage.

Back 55

LEUCOPLASTS OR WHITE PLASTIDS

Front 56

A type of plastid found in green plants where photosynthesis takes place.

Back 56

CHLOROPLASTS

Front 57

A green pigment found in grana discs of chloroplasts.

Back 57

CHLOROPHYLL

Front 58

A pigment found in fruits and flower petals.

Back 58

CAROTENE

Front 59

The internal matrix of plastid.

Back 59

STROMA

Front 60

Compact layers of of inner membranes in the form of plates inside plastid.

Back 60

GRANA