Biology U5L7 Nervous System

Front 1

Summarize how nerve impulses travel within the nervous system.

Back 1

Nerve impulses travel down neurons and at the synapse, neurotransmitters are released. The neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and stimulate the next neuron impulse.

Front 2

Interpret and compare the functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Back 2

The CNS coordinates all the body’s activities. The PNS carries impulses from the body to the CNS and carries impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Front 3

Interpret the functions of the three major parts of the brain.

Back 3

The cerebrum controls conscious activities, intelligence, memory, language, movement, and the sense. The cerebellum controls balance, posture, and coordination. The medulla oblongata mainly controls involuntary activities such as breathing.

Front 4

Compare and contrast voluntary responses and involuntary responses.

Back 4

Voluntary responses are under the conscious control of the individual, whereas involuntary responses are not

Front 5

Why is it nearly impossible to stop a reflex from taking place?

Back 5

A reflex is an involuntary action that is not consciously controlled by the brain.

Front 6

Compare the interrelationships between the nervous system and other body systems in response to an external stimulus.

Back 6

The nervous system controls and can change the actions of all other systems of the body.

Front 7

basic unit of structure and function in the nervous system; conducts impulses throughout the nervous system; composed of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon.

Back 7

neuron

Front 8

branchlike extension of a neuron; transports impulses toward the cell body

Back 8

dendrite

Front 9

a single cytoplasmic extension of a neuron; carries impulses away from a nerve cell.

Back 9

axon

Front 10

tiny space between one neuron's axon and another neuron's dendrites over which a nerve impulse must pass.

Back 10

synapse

Front 11

chemicals released from an axon that diffuse across a synapse to the next neuron's dendrites to initiate a new impulse.

Back 11

neurotransmitters

Front 12

in humans, the central control center of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Back 12

central nervous system

Front 13

division of the nervous system made up of all the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system

Back 13

peripheral nervous system

Front 14

largest part of the brain, composed of two hemispheres connected by bundles of nerves; controls conscious activities, intelligence, memory, language, skeletal muscle movements, and the senses.

Back 14

cerebrum

Front 15

rear portion of the brain; controls balance, posture and coordination.

Back 15

cerebellum

Front 16

part of the brain stem that controls involuntary activities such as breathing and heart rate.

Back 16

medulla oblongata

Front 17

portion of the nervous system composed of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and all of their branches; voluntary pathway that relays information mainly between the skin, the CNS, and skeletal muscles.

Back 17

somatic nervous system

Front 18

automatic response to a stimulus; stimulus travels to the spinal column and sent directly back to the muscle.

Back 18

reflex

Front 19

in humans, portion of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the central nervous system to internal organs; produces involuntary responses.

Back 19

autonomic nervous system

Front 20

division of the automatic nervous system that controls many of the body's internal functions during times of stress.

Back 20

sympathetic nervous system

Front 21

division of the automatic nervous system that controls many of the body's internal functions when the body is at rest.

Back 21

parasympathetic nervous system