Biology Test Chapters 6-8

Front 1

_____ is lifes primary source of energy

Back 1

Sunlight

Front 2

energy can ______

Back 2

not be created or destroyed can change from one form to another tends to disperse spontaneously

Front 3

a measure of disorder always increases overall is

Back 3

entropy

Front 4

_____ are always changed by participating in a reaction

Back 4

reactants intermediates

Front 5

enzymes _______

Back 5

are proteins except for a few RNA's lower the activation energy of a reaction

Front 6

a metabolic pathway is/does _____________

Back 6

enzyme-mediated reactions that build,s rearanges or breaks down an organic substance

Front 7

a molecule that donates electrons becomes _______ and the one that accepts electrons becomes _____

Back 7

oxidized; reduced

Front 8

a free radical is an atom or molecule that _________

Back 8

has too few electrons

Front 9

redox reaction is not present at the reactions end
true or false

Back 9

false

Front 10

cofactor

Back 10

assists enzymes

Front 11

photosynthetic autotrophs use _____ from the air as a carbon source and ______ as their energy source

Back 11

carbon dioxide, light

Front 12

chlorophull a absorbs mainly violet and red light and reflects mainly ________ light

Back 12

green

Front 13

light dependent reactions in plants occur in the _________

Back 13

thylakoid membrane

Front 14

in the light dependent reactions ___________ is formed

Back 14

ATP

Front 15

what accumulates inside the thylakoid compartment during the light deppendent reactions?

Back 15

hydrogen ions

Front 16

when a photosystem absorbs light________

Back 16

light dependent reactions begin

Front 17

light independent reactions happen in the _________

Back 17

stroma

Front 18

the calvin-benson cycle starts when _________

Back 18

carbon dioxide is attached to RuBP

Front 19

what substance is not part of the calvin-benson cycle

Back 19

O₂

Front 20

a catt eats a bird which ate a caterpillar that chewed on a weed. which organisms are autotrophs? heterotrophs?

Back 20

the cat bird and caterpillar are heterotrophs the weed is an autotroph

Front 21

ATP & NADPH are required for the formation of

Back 21

PGAL

Front 22

CO₂fixation

Back 22

rubiscos function

Front 23

photolysis

Back 23

water molecules split

Front 24

glycolysis starts and ends in the

Back 24

cytoplasm

Front 25

which metabolic pathways require molecular oxygen

Back 25

aerobic respiration

Front 26

in eukaryotes aerobic respiration is completed in the

Back 26

mitochondrion

Front 27

which reaction pathway is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration

Back 27

electron transfer & glycolysis

Front 28

after the krebs cycle runs ________ times one glucose molecule has been completely oxidized

Back 28

two

Front 29

in the third stage of aerobic respiration ______ is the final acceptor of electrons from glucose

Back 29

oxygen

Front 30

in alcoholic fermentation ________ is the final acceptor of electrons stripped from glucose

Back 30

acetaldehyde

Front 31

fermentation makes no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis the remaining reactions regneerate _________

Back 31

NAD+

Front 32

glycolysis

Back 32

glucose to two pyruvates

Front 33

fermentation

Back 33

NAD+ regenerated little ATP

Front 34

during the krebs cycle _____________ form

Back 34

ATP, NADH, FADH₂& CO₂

Front 35

during electron transfer phosphorylation...

Back 35

H+flows through ATP synthases

Front 36

ATP is made by

Back 36

photosynthesis, degradation of organic compounds, anarobic fermentation & aerobic resparition

Front 37

what liberates the most energy in the form of ATP

Back 37

aerobic respiration

Front 38

how many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?

Back 38

2

Front 39

the end product of glycolysis is

Back 39

pyruvate

Front 40

the first intermediate produced after the entry of acetyl CoA into the krebs cycle is

Back 40

citrate

Front 41

the last intermediate produced in the krebs cycle before the entry of the next acetyl-CoA is

Back 41

oxaloacetate

Front 42

the greatest number of ATP molecules is produced in the

Back 42

electron transfer phosphorylation

Front 43

under anaerobic conditions muscle cells produce

Back 43

lactate

Front 44

the main source of energy in a normal human diet is

Back 44

carbohydrates

Front 45

excess glucose in the human diet can result in accumulation of

Back 45

fat

Front 46

various forms of a gene at a given locus are called

Back 46

alleles

Front 47

the activation energy of a reaction refers to theminimum amount of energy

Back 47

necessary to cause ot to proceed on its own

Front 48

endergonic reactions

Back 48

require a net input of energy

Front 49

ATP contains

Back 49

adenine

Front 50

what easily gives up phosphate groups, primes stable molecules to react, is the energy currency in the cell's economy and is made by all cells

Back 50

ATP

Front 51

enzymes allow some reactions to occur that would never occur with out them

Back 51

false

Front 52

enzyme activity may be affected by

Back 52

salinity, pH, inhibitors & the presence of cofactors

Front 53

the first event of photosynthesis is the

Back 53

transfer of an electron from chlorophyll

Front 54

the carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

Back 54

CO₂

Front 55

what occures in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis?

Back 55

glucose is produced

Front 56

a high concentration of H+ in the thylakoid compartment provides energy for the ______ by ______

Back 56

production of ATP; ATP synthesis

Front 57

whit is not produced in the synthesis (light independent) reactions?

Back 57

NADPH

Front 58

the first stable compound produced from CO₂in the light independent reaction is

Back 58

PGA

Front 59

what donates phosphate in the calvin-benson cycle?

Back 59

ATP

Front 60

what compound has 6 carbon atoms?

Back 60

glucose

Front 61

what process is not associated with light independent reactions

Back 61

reduction of NADP+