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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Haploid cell that participates in fertilization by fusing with another haploid cell
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Gamete
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Form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring
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Binary Fission
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Section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule
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Gene
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Structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located
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Chromosome
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One of the pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis
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Chromatid
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As a cell prepares to divide, a DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil to form:
Chromatin Chromosome Gene Centromere |
Chromosome
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The number of chromosomes found in the human body cell is:
46 23 48 64 |
46
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The condition in which a dipliod cell has an extra chromosome is called:
Disjunction Trisomy Monosomy Karyotype |
Trisomy
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The sex of a human offspring is determined by:
The female The male Both female and the male Neither the female or the male |
The male
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Bacteria reproduce through asexual process called:
Meiosis Mitosis Binary Fission Cytokinesis |
Binary Fission
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The repeating sequence of growth and division through which many eukaryotic cell pass i called:
The cell cycle Binary Fission Meiosis Cytokinesis |
The cell cycle
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis:
Synthesis Prophase Metaphase Telophase |
Synthesis
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In human sexual reproduction, a male haploid gamete and a female haploid gamete unite to form a(n):
Sperm cell with 23 chromosomes Egg cell with 46 chromosomes Zygote with 46 chromosomes Zygote with 23 chromosomes |
Zygote with 46 chromosomes
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In plant cells, cytokinesis requires the formation of a new:
Cell membrane Centromere Series of protein threads Cell wall |
Cell wall
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Normal cells can become cancer cells through:
Gene mutations Viruses Ultraviolet radiation All of the above |
All of the above
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The two copies of DNA on each chromosomes that form just before cell division
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Chromatids
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The point at which two chromatids are attached
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Centromere
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Chromosomes that are similar in shape and size and have similar genetic information
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Homologous Chromosome
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A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
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Diploid
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Egg cells and sperm cells
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Gametes
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A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
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Haploid
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A diploid cell that results from the fusion of two haploid gametes
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Zygote
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Supplies information that directs a cell's activities and determines its characteristics
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DNA
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A picture of the chromosomes found in an individual's cells
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Karyotype
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When the cytoplasm divides
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Cytokinesis
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Changes in an organism's genetic material
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Mutations
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A mutation that occurs when a chromosome fragment breaks off and is lost
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Deletion
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This determines whether a cell will divide
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Cell growth (G1) checkpoint
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When two chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
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Anaphase
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The nuclear membrane dissolves and chromosomes become visible
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Prophase
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A(n)_____ is a segment of DNA that transmits information from parent to offspring.
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Gene
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AN individual with an extra copy of chromosome 21 demonstrates traits collectively known as ____ ___
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Down Syndrome
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The 22 pairs of chromosomes in human somatic cells that are the same in males and females are called ____
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Autosome
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The human chromosomes that determined an individual's sex are called the ____ ______
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Sex Chromosomes
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G1-->S-->G2-->M-->C
The sequence above represents the ___ ___ |
Cell cycle
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The C in the sequence represents the phase in which ____ occurs
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Cytokinesis
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Phases G1,S, and G2 in the sequence above are collectively called ___
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Interphase
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Each individual protein structure that helps to move the chromosomes apart during mitosis is called a(n) ____
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Spindle
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_____ is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell division
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Cancer
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In the first stage of binary fission, the DNA is ____
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Copied
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The microtubules that form centrioles and spindle fibers are made of hollow tubes of ____
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Protein
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The process shown in figure above is ___
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Mitosis
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The structure in the center of the animal cell that pinches the cell in half is composed of _____ ____
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Protein Threads
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The process shown above occurs at the end of ________
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Mitosis
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The end result of the process shown above is the formation of two new ___
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Cells
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What happens to the structure of DNA in your cells prior to cell division?
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The structure of DNA is sopied
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Explain the difference in the number of chromosomes between a frog somatic cell and a frog egg cell?
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Somatic cells contains two sets of chromosomes and an egg cell has only 23
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What happens when nondisjunction takes place during cell division?
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New gametes receives both chromosomes and the other gametes receives none, and then trisomy occurs and then when the gamete with both chromosomes fuses with normal gamete during fertilization, resulting in 3 copies instead of 2
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Briefly describe what happens at each checkpoint during cell cycle?
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In g1 the cells grow, S phase the DNA is copied, G2 nucleus prepares to divide, Mitosis the cell nucleus divides into two, and cytokinesis cytoplasm divides.
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What are the four STAGES of mitosis, in correct order?
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1)Prophase
2)Metaphase 3)Anaphase 4Telophase |
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Explain the importance of mitosis and cytokinesis to multicellular organisms.
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Creates two identical cells so organism grows and to replicate itself
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The information of a cell needs to direct its activities and to determine its characteristics is contained in molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
T or F |
True
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Each human somatic cell contains 2 copies of each chromosomes for a total of 23 homologous chromosomes
T or F |
False
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Gametes are diploid so that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote will have the characteristic number of chromosomes for the species.
Tor F |
False
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Autosomes determine the sex of an individual.
T or F |
False
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During cytokinesis, a cell's cytoplasm divides.
T or F |
True
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Chromatids are.......
Tightly coiled DNA Bacterial Chromosomes Strands of duplicate genetic material Supercoils of protein |
Strands of duplicate genetic material
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If conditions are favorable for cell division during the G1 phase,
-The microtubules attach to the centromeres -The nucleus begins to divide -The centriole pair is replicated -Proteins stimulate the cell copy its DNA |
Proteins stimulate the cell to copy its DNA
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A student can study a karyotype to learn about the
-process of binary fission -genes that are present in a particular strand of DNA -medical history of an individual -chromosomes present in the somatic cell |
Chromosomes present in the somatic cell
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If nondisjunction occurs,
-too many gametes will be produced -no gamete will be produced -a gamete will receive too many or few homologous of a chromosome -a mutation occurs |
A gamete will receive too many or few homologous of a chromosome
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The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell's life is
-G1 -M -G2 -S |
G1
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Spindles are composed of
-nine triplets of microtubles -individual microtubles fibers and centrioles -chromatids and centromeres -microtubles arranged in a circle around the centriole |
individual microtuble fibers and centrioles
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A fertilized egg cell is called a(n) ____
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Zygote
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_____ _____ is the process by which a bacterial cell splits asexually into two identical organisms
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Binary Fission
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Collectively, the time spent in G1,S,G2 is called_____
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Interphase
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A zygote formed by the union of two haploid _____ from the opposite sexes.
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Gametes
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During cell division, the movement of chromosomes is aided by a structure called the ______
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Spindles
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Cancer can occur when _____ mutate and the ____ that regulate cell growth and division do not function.
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Genes
Protein |
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___ _____ are similar in shape,size and genetic content
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Homologous Chromosomes
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A DNA molecule contains thousands of ___, and the DNA and its associated proteins from _____
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Genes
Chromosomes |
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Describe the difference between cytokenisis in the plant and animal cell
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In animal cell the cell is pinched in half with protein thread and plant cell the cell separates and creates separate cell walls it divides in half and forms a cell plate.
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If a piece of chromosome breaks off, a(n) _______ _____ occurs
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Deletion Mutation
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