Biology Test #4 Chapter 18

Front 1

Octopuses can have complex and highly adaptive _____, _______, and _______.

Back 1

chemistry, structures, behaviors

Front 2

All animals are ______, meaning they rely on other organisms to make their food.

Back 2

heterotrophic

Front 3

What did animals most likely evolve from?

Back 3

protists

Front 4

During the Cambrian explosion, approximately 542 million years ago, animals rapidly ______ in the _____ over a period of ____ years.

Back 4

diversified, oceans, 15 million

Front 5

The majority of the animals alive today are _____.

Back 5

invertebrates

Front 6

What is an example of an animal that displays radial symmetry?

Back 6

a sea anemone

Front 7

a body cavity that is fully lined by tissue derived from the mesoderm

Back 7

true coelom

Front 8

In protosomes, the opening formed during gastrulation becomes the _____.

Back 8

mouth

Front 9

A dog's head is at its ____ end and its belly is its ____ surface.

Back 9

anterior, ventral

Front 10

a flagellated cell that sweeps water through a sponge's body

Back 10

choanocyte

Front 11

A typical sponge is best described as a _______ feeder with no _____ or body _______.

Back 11

sessile suspension, true tissues, symmetry

Front 12

The digestive and circulatory compartment of cnidarians is called the _________.

Back 12

gastrovascular cavity

Front 13

hard external skeletons secreted by coral animals (Cnidaria)

Back 13

coral reefs

Front 14

An umbrella-shaped translucent animal, swimming by pulsing its body, long tentacles trail behind it, A tentacles touches you and stings you. What type of creature is this (phylum does it belong to)?

Back 14

cnidaria

Front 15

Flatworms are ______ symmetrical and typically have a gastrovascular cavity with _____ openings/opening.

Back 15

bilaterally, one

Front 16

Tapeworms and fungi are similar because they both feed by ______.

Back 16

absorption

Front 17

A rasping organ called the radula is a typical characteristic of _____

Back 17

molluscs

Front 18

you inflate a balloon and let it go. it shoots away as air exits forcefully through the balloon's narrow opening. This most closely resembles the mode of movement seen in _____

Back 18

squid

Front 19

an adaption that is a key characteristic of annelids that greatly increases their flexibility and mobility

Back 19

segmentation

Front 20

wormlike, soft bodied adult animal, in a mud flat, bilaterally symmetrical, segmented, true coelom, complete digestive tract. what phylum is it in?

Back 20

annelida

Front 21

segmented animals that have jointed appendages and an exoskelton are members of what phylum

Back 21

arthropoda

Front 22

most numerous, diverse, and widespread animals

Back 22

arthropoda

Front 23

a group tat includes both spiders and horseshoe crabs

Back 23

chelicerates

Front 24

three major body parts of most insects

Back 24

head, thorax, abdomen

Front 25

unit traits to insects which probably contributed to their diversity and success

Back 25

flight, short generation times, complex life cycles including complete metamorphosis

Front 26

symmetry of echinoderms generally includes _____ symmetrical larvae and ______ symmetrical adults

Back 26

bilaterally, radially

Front 27

unique feature of echinoderms

Back 27

a water vascular system

Front 28

a feature unique to chordates

Back 28

a notochord

Front 29

an invertebrate chordate

Back 29

lancelots

Front 30

The complexity of an organisms has more to do with _____ genes are used than with _______ genes are present.

Back 30

how, how many

Front 31

major change of body form

Back 31

metamorphosis

Front 32

animals that lack a vertebral column

Back 32

invertebrates

Front 33

the body parts radiate from the center in what type of symmetry?

Back 33

radial

Front 34

mirror-image right and left sides is the definition of which type of symmetry

Back 34

bilateral

Front 35

head

Back 35

anterior

Front 36

tail

Back 36

posterior

Front 37

back surface

Back 37

dorsal

Front 38

bottom surface

Back 38

ventral

Front 39

provides a rigid structure against which muscles contract, moving the animal (soft bodied animals)

Back 39

hydrostatic skeleton

Front 40

not completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm

Back 40

pseudocoelom

Front 41

In deuterosomes, the hole formed during gastrulation becomes the ____

Back 41

anus

Front 42

animals that collect food particles from water passed through some type of food-trapping equipment

Back 42

suspension feeders

Front 43

anchored in place

Back 43

sessile

Front 44

hydras, jellies, sea anemones, corals; characterized by radial symmetry, two tissue layers

Back 44

cnidarians

Front 45

shaped like an umbrella with a fringe of tentacles around the lower edge

Back 45

medusa

Front 46

In a medusa the ____ is the only opening in the body, so wastes exit it too.

Back 46

mouth

Front 47

Most _____ have a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening.

Back 47

flatworms

Front 48

an organ system that pumps blood and distributes nutrients and oxygen throughout the body

Back 48

circulatory system

Front 49

largest group of molluscs, examples? snails slugs

Back 49

gastropods

Front 50

three types of molluscs

Back 50

gastropods, cephalopods, bivalves

Front 51

examples of bivalves

Back 51

clams, scallops, oysters

Front 52

examples of cephalopods

Back 52

squids, octopuses

Front 53

the subdivision of the body along its length into a series of repeated parts

Back 53

segmentation

Front 54

example of an annelid

Back 54

earthworm

Front 55

three main groups of annelids

Back 55

earthworms, polychaetes, leeches

Front 56

blood is pumped through vessels that open into body cavities where organs are bathed directly in blood

Back 56

open circulatory system

Front 57

blood remains enclosed in vessels as it distributes nutrients nutrients and oxygen throughout the body

Back 57

closed circulatory system

Front 58

an external skeleton that protects the animal and provides points of attachment for the muscles that move the appendages

Back 58

exoskeleton

Front 59

internal skeleton

Back 59

endoskeleton

Front 60

a network of water-filled canals that branch into extensions called tube feet, unique to echinoderms

Back 60

water vascular system

Front 61

our own phylum chordata is distinguished by what four features

Back 61

1. dorsal, hollow nerve cord
2. notochord, a flexible, supportive, longitudinal rod located between the digestive tract and the nerve chord
3. pharyngeal slits
4. pst-anal tail