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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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7 Characteristics of life
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1) Are organized
2) Acquire materials and energy 3)Reproduce 4) growth and development 5) Are homeostatic 6) Respond to stimuli 7) have an Evolutionary history |
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Biological hierarchy (12 things)
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Atoms
Molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere |
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smallest unit of matter that retains characteristic property of an element
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atoms
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two or more atoms bonded together
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molecule
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membrane bound structure in eukaryotic cell, perform specialized tasks
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organelle
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basic functional unit of life; smallest living thing
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cell
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a bunch of cells that perform the same or common function, structure, or both
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tissue
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specialized center of body function composed of several different tissues
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organ
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a group of organs working together to perform
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organ system
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single individual member of species
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organism
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– group of interbreeding individuals of same species within an area
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population
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groups of species living in an area which interact and are dependent on one another
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community
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community and environment in which species live and interact
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ecosystem
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whole living sphere, all ecosystems
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biosphere
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example of organ system
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digestive system, nervous system, circulatory system
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example of population
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– humans in Tallahassee
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example of community
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biotic factor Tallahassee, coral reef organisms
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example of organism
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whale, kangaroo, or a tree
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where is there no nucleus (type of cells)
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No nucleus in red blood cells
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membrane bound organelles (tye of cells)
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eukaryotic
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examples of eukaryotic
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Plants, animals, fungi
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no membrane bound organelles, no nucloid, and single
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prokaryotic
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example of prokaryotic
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Bacteria
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3 domains
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1. Bacteria
2. Archaea 3. Eukarya |
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6 kingdoms
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1. bacteria
2. archaea 3. animalia 4. plantae 5. fungi 6. protista |
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what type of cell makes up Bacteria and Archaea?
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prokaryotes – lack organelles
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what type of cell make up animalia, plantae, fungi, and protista?
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eukaryotes– everything w/ organelles
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how do you remember the Taxonomic hierarchy?
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Dirty king philip came over for group sex
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List the Taxonomic hierarchy (8)
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domain, kingdon, phylum, class, order, family, genus species
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humans are
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Homo sapiens (italicized)
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Scientific Method
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1) Observation
2) hypothesis 3) Experiment/ observations 4) Conclusion 5) Scientific Theory |
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- Made of elements; anything that takes up space & has mass
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matter
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Substance that can’t be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.
Only 92 of these things. |
element
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Substance made up of two or more elements
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compound
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Smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element.
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atom
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Are atoms that have the same atomic number but a
different atomic mass because the number of neutrons differ. |
isotopes
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spontaneously decay; gives off particles & energy
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radioavtive isotopes
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what makes up 96% living matter?
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H, O, N, C
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(+ charge), always same # for an element
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protons
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(- charge
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electrons
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(no charge
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neutrons
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Electrons in outermost shell (max=8), Determine chemical behavior of atoms
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valence electrons
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4 bond interaction types (from strongest to weakest)
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covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond, Van der walls interacions
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• Atoms in this type of bond donate or take on electrons
• Results in a stable outer shell • Occurs between particles that are charged (ions) |
ionic bonds
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Covalently bonded H in one molecule is attracted to a neighbor’s electronegative atom (eg. O & N
- Occur between a hydrogen in a covalent bond and a negatively charged atom • These are relatively weak bonds |
hydrogen bonds
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Atoms in this type of bond share electrons. Results in a stable outer shell
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covalent bonds
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What kind of bond appears in an H2O molecule?
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polar covalent bonds
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Strength of atom’s attraction for electrons; Halogens highest (F, Cl), most valence electrons (more on the right side f the periodic table)
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electronegativity
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bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another (Sodium chloride)
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ionic bonds
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starting molecules
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reactions
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final molecules
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product
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All reactions reversible
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chemical equilibrium
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Equilibrium is reached when
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forward/reverse reactions are equal
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Properties of water
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• Liquid at room temperature
• Liquid water does not change temperature quickly • High heat of vaporization • Frozen water is less dense than liquid water • Molecules of water cling together • A solvent for polar molecules |
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(water sticks to surface)
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adhesion
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H--bonds hold water molecules together(water sticks to water)
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cohesion
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water temp is relatively stable
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moderation of temperature
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Acids
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are substances that dissociate and release hydrogen atoms
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Bases
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are substances that take up hydrogen atoms or release hydroxyide ions.
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most things can dissolve/interact w/ water
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solvent of life
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water loving - most things dissolve
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Hydrophilic
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water hating
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Hydrophobic
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raise [H+] in a solution
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acid
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lower [H+] in a solution
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basic
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pH is equal to seven if..
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concentrations of H+ & OH– are equal
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pH is acidic if..
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If H+ rises; ph is under 7
– release H+ – HCl---> H+ +Cl- |
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pH is a base if..
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If H+ falls; pH is over 7
– release OH- – NaOH---> Na++OH |
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Compound that minimizes pH changes
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buffer
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Internal pH of most cells =
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7
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carbonic acid forms when
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CO2 reacts w/ water in blood plasma
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organic molecules made ONLY with hydrogen and carbon
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hydrocarbon
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