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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How many years ago were the first plants on land?
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430 Million Years Ago
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420
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Why did the first plants come to land?
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Ozone layer
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Arrow
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What are the three advantages for organisms to move to land?
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A. Exposure to sunlight -> photosynthesis
B. Availability of inorganic nutrients -> less competition C. Increased CO2 Exposure |
A, B, C
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What is the evidence that plants evolved from algae?
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Both have chlorophyll and cell walls made of cellulose and both store energy as starch.
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"Both..."
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How many phyla of nonvascular plants are there?
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Three Phyla
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What phylum contains liverworts?
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Hepatophyta
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Hepatitis
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What phylum contains conifers?
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Coniferophyta
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Why phylum contains horsetails?
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Sphenophyta
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Where do liverworts lie?
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Close to the ground
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"Li"
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What does a gametophyte do?
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Produces sperm and egg
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What makes nonvascular plants different from other plant groups?
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1. No true roots, rhizoids
2. Dissolve rock/tree/etc. to get inorganic nutrients 3. Sperm swims to egg in water (need water/moisture) 4. Nonvascular |
4 things
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What belongs to Phylum Anthocerophyta?
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hornwarts
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Which phylum is "cone bearing"?
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Gnetophyta
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Xylem and phloem in plants is the equivalent of what in humans?
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Veins and arteries
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Which phylum shares a single characteristic with algae and what is the characteristic?
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Anthocerophyta: hornwarts
Each cell has 1 large chloroplast |
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Where do hornwarts grow?
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Moist, shady areas
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Which plants have a thalloid?
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Liverworts (Hepatophyta)
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Hepatitis
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What are rhizoids?
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Root"like" structures that anchor the gametophyte down
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What is alternation of generations?
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A haploid gametophyte to a diploid sporophyte
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True or Fase: Dicots evolved from monocots.
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True
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What do mosses have in place of roots?
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Rhizoids
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What are holes in the cuticle? What do they do?
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Stomata: allow gas exchange
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What are two plant adaptations?
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Ex. Woody tissue, spores
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Do mosses use seeds or spores?
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Seedless, produce spores
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What is the definition of cuticle?
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Waxy, protective covering that prevents water loss and keeps out CO2
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Why are seed plants the dominant land plants?
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Their seeds are protected and don't need moist environments
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Which carries water: xylem or phloem?
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Xylem
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What type of plant is tolerant of air pollution?
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Ginkgo tree (Ginkgophyta)
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What are the three types of nonvascular plants?
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Mosses, liverworts, and hornwarts
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What is a good reason to beautify a city with a gingko tree? Bad?
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They are tolerant of air pollution but the female seeds fall on the sidewalks and release butyric acid, which smells bad
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Which is dominant in mosses: gametophyte or sporophyte?
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Gametophyte
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What are the two defining characteristics of angiosperms?
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They are flowering and their seeds are enclosed in fruit
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What phylum do mosses belong to?
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Bryophyta
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How tall do cycads get?
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18 meters/60 feet
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Where are cycads native to?
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The tropics
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What did pioneers use as potscrubbers?
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Horsetails (Sphenophyta)
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Which plants have thin, transparent leaflike structures?
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Liverworts (Hepatophyta)
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What are three uses of sphagnum?
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Fertilizer, fuel, and it is used to pack bulbs & flowers for shipping
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Why are mosses good for an ecosystem?
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They decompose into soil
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What are two uses of gymnosperms?
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Christmas trees and paper
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What are gymnosperms known as?
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Naked seed plants
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Why must ferns live in a wet environment?
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Sperm swims through water to egg
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What are two examples of monocots?
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Lilies, irises, bananas, pineapple
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What is a cotyledon?
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Leaf inside seed; internal leaf structure; embryotic leaf
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What type of venation do dicotyledons have?
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Net venation
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Which venation is more efficient: net or parallel?
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Net; it covers more surface area
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What are two characteristics of monocotyledons?
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They have parallel venation, scattered vascular bundles, and flower parts occurring in 3s
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How are vascular bundles arranged in dicotyledons?
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Radially arranged
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What is the world's largest flower? Its nickname?
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Rafflesia; "stinking corpse lily"
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Where is Rafflesia found?
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Southeast Asia
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Where are horsetails found?
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Tropical and temperate regions
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How tall is the tallest sequoia?
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110 meters/360 feet
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What is ephedra?
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Desert shrub that resembles horsetail
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What is fruit?
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Ripened ovary that surrounds seeds
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What is the largest phylum?
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Anthophyta
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Which plants look like miniature pine trees?
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Club mosses (Lycophyta)
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Which plants produce spores on the ends of short branches?
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Whisk ferns (Psilotophyta)
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What was the dominant plant up until about 200 million years ago?
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Seedless Vascular Plants
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What are fronds?
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Mature leaves
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What are fiddleheads?
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Tightly wound young leaves
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