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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Bacteria |
Small living cells, reproduce rapidly, produce toxins |
Gonorrhoea, salmonella |
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Viruses |
Mot cells, reproduce rapidly inside body cells, cell burst and release virus |
TMV, HIV, measles |
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Protist |
Single called eukaryotes, some are parasites (live in or on, transmitted by vectors) |
Malaria + mosquitoes |
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Fungi |
Some single called, some have hyphae (grow on and then in stuff) spores can spread (made by hyphae |
Rose Black Spot |
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Spreading and stopping spreading of disease |
Spreading: water, air, direct contact |
Preventing spread: isolate affected, destroy vectors, be hygienic, vaccinations (dead or inactive pathogens) |
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Immune system responses |
Phagocytosis, Lymphocytes and their antibodies, Antitoxins |
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Drugs from plants |
Aspirin - painkiller, from willow Digitalis - heart conditions, from foxgloves |
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Drug testing |
1) human cells and tissues in lab 2) 2 live animals - test for efficacy, toxicity, and dosage. 3) human volunteers, clinical trial - healthy volunteers and then double blind trials 4) peer review |
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Monoclonal antibodies |
Clone cells of single white blood cells that all produce a specific antibody - they’re identical |
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Nitrate and magnesium ion defects in plants |
Nitrate: needed to make proteins, causes stunted growth Mg ions: needed to make chlorophyll, causes chlorosis and yellow leaves |
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Signs of plant diseases |
Stunted growth, discolouration, abnormal growths, malformed stems or leaves, spots and patches of decay |
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Plant defences |
Physical- waxy cuticle, cell walls made of cellulose surround it, bark-dead layer of cells Chemical- produce antibacterial chemicals, produce poisons |
Mechanical- thorns, hairs, droop/curl, mimic other organisms |
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Uses of glucose |
Storing as oils/fats/starch, making cellulose, respiration, making amino acids |
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Uses of energy from respiration |
To warm up (in mammals), to move muscles, build larger molecules (e.g proteins) from smaller ones |
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Glucose —> |
Anaerobic in people: lactic acid, oxygen debt paid back in liver and turned to glucose OR is reacted with O2 to form CO2 and water Anaerobic in yeast cells: ethanol + CO2 (fermentation) |
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