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254 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the poison called produced by some bacteria
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toxin
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Whant non-living particle can reproduce in a living cell
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virus
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process by which some bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
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nitrogen fixation
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virus that infects bacteria
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bacteriophage
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simple form of sexual reproduction in bacteria
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conjugation
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process by which bacteria reproduce asexually
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binary fission
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bacterial form that is in a state of slow metabolism and does not reproduce
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endospore
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cell in which a virus reproduces
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host cell
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enzyme injected into a host cell, which copies viral RNA into DNA
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reverse transcipate
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In order to ________ all disease- causing viruses need the equipment of the host cell
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reproduce
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Some scientists think life has originated in deep sea_________
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vents
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The instructions for making new copies of a virus are coded in what 2 things
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RNA and DNA
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A virus's DNA or RNA is surrounded by a _________
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capsid
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Carrying out photosynthesis descrives a role of bacteria in the environment. Name 2 others:
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food production and recycling nutrients
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A method called Gram staining is used to tell what kind of ____________a prokaryote has
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cell wall
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Bacteria and archea differ in the _____ of their cell walls
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composition
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Unlike ______ archae have cell walls
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bacteria
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______ are bacteria that cause disease
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ecoli
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You are likely to find a photoautotroph where they can recieve_____
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sun light
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To protect against the spread of _________ disease, a physician would most likely not recommend antibiotics
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viral
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Decomposers are bacteria that break down the ____________simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots
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organic waste
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacteria that causes__________
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pnemonia
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stores fat in the bone
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yellow bone marrow
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where two or more bones meet
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joint
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fluid filled sac on the outside of the joint
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bursa
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potential bone cell found in cartilage of embryo
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osteoblast
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soft tissue that fills center cavities of embryo
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marrow
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protein in dead epidermal cells that protects underlying cells
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keratin
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cell pigment that colors skin and protects it from solar radiation
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melanin
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band of tissue connecting bone to bone
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ligament
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smaller unit in a muscle fiber
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myofibril
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the functional unit of myofibril
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sarcomere
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type of cell used to breakdown worn out bone
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osteoclast
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beneath the scab of the wound __________begin to multiply
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blood cells
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____________ produces red blood cells, some white blood cells, and fragments involving blood clotting
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bone marrow
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the mineral _________found in dairy products is a critical part of the diet for healthy strong bones
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calcium
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contraction of _______muscle, the muscle of internal organs, is slow and prolonged
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smooth muscle
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bones grow in legnth at the _______of the bone. They grow in diameter on the ________surface of the bone
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end, outer
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muscle stregnth depends on the ________ of the fibers number of the fibers that _______at one time
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type, contract
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when an inadequate supply of oxygen is available to meet a muscle cell's oxygen needs, ____________ becomes the primary source of ATPs
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lactic acid fermentation
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when the ________plates degenerate, you have stopped growing taller
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growth
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TF: Vascular plants must live where there is a steady supply of water
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false
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TF: The sporophyte generation is dominant in mosses
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false
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TF: the reproduction of all non-seed plants requires a film of water
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true
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TF: the primary source of water nad nutrients for a plant comes from the soil
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true
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Although all plants produce spores, only Anthophytes produce______
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flowers
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the _________ of a moss produces gametes
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rhizoids
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both algae and plants store their food in the form of _______
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starch
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plant cells all have a cell wall composed of ________
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cellulose
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when a ________bites, it uses its chelicherae
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arachnid
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arachinds have __ pairs of jointed appendages
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6
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__________ arthropods exchange gases through gills
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aquatic
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a new _________ grows beneath its old one before an arthropod molts
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exoskelaton
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The characteristic that most distinguishes arthropods from other invertebrates is its _______
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exoskelaton
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The acute __________of arthropods are the result of organs such as compound eyes and antennae
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nervous system
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the well developed arthropods__________consits of a double ventral nerve cord, an anetrior brain, and several ganglia
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cephalathorax
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arthropods have a ________developed excretory system
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poorly
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efficient gas exchange in arthropods is accomplished by tracheal tubes, _________, or gills
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book lungs
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The ________ is a protective adaption for arthropods
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exoskelaton
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__________ appendages are avantageous because they are not limited in their stregnth and functions
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jointed
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in arthropods, appendages are adapted for a variety of purposes including sensing and walking. Name two additional purposes
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feeding and mating
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the ________ of arthropods is hard and provides protection
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exoskelaton
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most insects have one pair of ______that are used to sense vibrations, food, and pheremones in the environment
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antennae
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The exchange of gases in spiders takes place in _________
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book lungs
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grasshoppers have two_______eyes, and ____ simple eyes
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compund, 3
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the stages of _________metamorphosis are egg, nymph, and adult
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incomplete
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crabs lobsters shrimp and pill bugs are members of the class
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crustacea
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how many segments does the typical tick body consist of?
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2
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A movable structure used by a spider to turn silk into thread
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spinneret
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jaws of an arthropod
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mandible
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shedding of old exoskeleotn
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molting
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chamber that contains leaf-like plates that serve for gas exchange
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book lungs
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excretory organ of terrestrial arthropods
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malpighian tubules
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fused head and thorax reason in some arthropods
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cephalathorax
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any structure, such as a leg, that grows out of the body of an animal
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appendage
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openings through which the air enters and leaves the tracheal tubes:
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spiracle
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form of asexual reproduction in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg
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binary fission
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chemical odor signal given off by an animal
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pheremone
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branching networks of hollow passages that carry air throughout the body
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tracheal tubes
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one of the common features of arthropods is a tough________
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exoskeleton
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most crustaceans live in land or water?
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land
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If an insect exists as a nymph before becoming an adult, the insect goes through ________metamorphosis
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incomplete
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arthropods have specialized appendages near the mouth called _______
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mandibles
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the three largest groups of arthropods are the ________,________, and _______
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crustaceans, arachnids, & insects
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in a lobster, the _______is the part of the skeleton that covers the heart and gills
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carapace
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Marsupials in continents other than Australia lost out in competition with _________
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placental mammal
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teeth called _______are used to puncture and tear the flesh of prey
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incisors
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_____are teeth used for crushing and grinding food
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molars
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the most intelligent mammals are _______
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primates
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cellulose is important in the diet as a source of _______
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fiber
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the body's preferred energy source is __________
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carbohydrates
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what is the most abundant substance in the body
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water
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the golden age of mammals is the ______ Era
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cenezoic
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Branching networks of hollow passages that carry air throughout the body
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tracheal tubes
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chemical odor signal given off by an animal
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pheremone
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form of asexual reproduction in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg
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parthenogenesis
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opening through which air enters and leaves the tracheal tubes
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spiracles
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any structure, such as a leg that grows out of the body of an animal
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appendage
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fused head and thorax region in some arthropods
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cephalothorax
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excretory organ of terrestrial arthropods
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Malpighian Tubules
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air-filled chamber containing leaf-like plates that serve for gas exchange
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book lung
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shedding of the old expskeleton
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molting
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movable structure used by a spider to turn silk into thread
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spinneret
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Bony fishes belong to the __________ class
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osteichthyes
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scientists hypothesize that ______ evolved from tetrapods
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coelocanths
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frogs have a ________ ________ that picks up vibrations from water or air and transmits them to inner ear
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tympanic membrane
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fishes have great flexibility when they swim because they have ________ vertebrae
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seperate
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by means of its lateral line system, a fish can detect ______ and ________ in the water
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prey and predators
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lampreys are parasites that attach themselves to other fishes by sucker-like ______ and they use their _______ to scrape away the flesh
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mouth, tongue
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a _____ is any chordate that has a backbone
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vertebrate
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most fishes are ______ by their scales, paired fins, and gills
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classified
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in most fishes, the structures that are most important for obtaining _______ from water the gills
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oxygen
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the first vertebrate to evolve were _______
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jawless
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Many salamanders that live on land are missing what structures?
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kidney
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blood flows through the body of a fish in a _______ closed circulatory system
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L-loop
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the swim bladder is the organ that adjusts the _______ of many bony fishes
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depth
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a fish's lateral line system would be most likely to help a fish sense aquatic predators that approach it from the _________
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side
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lampreys are included in modern days __________ fishes
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jawless
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all fishes in the class Chondrichthyes are alike in the competition of their ___________
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skelaton
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what feature distinguishes most fishes from most amphibian
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swim bladder
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lobe-finned fishes, like the coelacanth probably resemble the first __________
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amphibians
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at the end of the ________ period, fossil evidence indicates that most of the amphibian species became extinct
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paleozoic
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the eggs of amphibians can dry out easily because they do not have ________
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amnions
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name 3 ways snakes subdue their prey:
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constriction, venom, and swallow hole
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alligators and crocodiles use their _______to swim rapidly
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tails
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turtles have a shell to use for _______
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protection
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the pit like sense organ that picks up airborne chemicals in the roof of a snakes mouth is called the _______________
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Jacobson's Organ
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Rattlesnakes can detect heat by means of ________________ in the head
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heat sensitive pits
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a constrictor snake kills by ______________________
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suffacating until they die
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what structures do birds have that they share with no other animal?
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feathers
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contrast the skin of crocodiles and salamanders:
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crocodiles: tough and dry
salamander: wet and slippery |
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one reason for the early success of reptiles is that they could reproduce away from _______
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water
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list 3 adaptions that enabled reptiles to live out of water
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amniotic eggs, dry scaly skin, and lungs
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most reptiles exchange gas through their ______
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lungs
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the difference between reptilian eggs and amphibibian eggs are that reptilian eggs are surround by a _____&_______
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shell & membranes
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alligators have a __-_________ heart
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4 chambered
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birds feet are covered with scaly skin. This observation supports the statement that birds are ______-like animals
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reptile
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the structure of a bird's ______ ensures that oxygen-rich blood never mixes with oxygen poor blood
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heart
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a cow is a vertebrate that has a heart with ____ chambers
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4
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a bird of prey will usually have a _____-bill and _____ talons
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pointed, sharp
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list three characteristics of all birds:
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feather, cloaca, hollow bones
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in a reptile egg,_________ is performed by the chorion
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gas exchange
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most marsupials are found in which country
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Australia
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the _____ in the mammalian brain increase the surface area
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folds
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a horse's haw may have small incisors and canines but wide ________ and ________
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molars and premolars
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the main advantage of hair is that is conserves _____
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heat
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Mammals: head lacks external ears:
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monotreme
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Mammals: young may develop in pouch
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marsupials
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Mammals: adults are toothless
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monotreme
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Mammals: young remain in uterus until well developed
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placental mammal
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Mammals: embryos have tine yolk sac
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monotremes
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Mammals: eggs are laid and incubated
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monotremes
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Mammals young may be born a short time after fertilizaton
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marsupial
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Mammals: umbilical cord present
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placental mammals
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a ______ is the sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that is used to expand and contract the chest cavity of mammals
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diaphragm
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the _________ passes oxygen or food to, and removes wastes from, the developing embryo
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placenta
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female mammals have ____________ that secrete milk, enabling them to nourish their young until the young are mature enough to find food
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mammary glands
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the time during which young placental mammals develop inside the uterus is called __________
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gestation period
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the uterus is a hollow ________-organ in female mammals in which the development of offspring takes place
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muscular, sac-like
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a gland isa cell or group of cells that secretes fluids needed by mammals for ______regulation and other life processes
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temperature
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insight learning is also known as _______and _________
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trial and error
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a male sea lion displays ________ when he patrols the area of the beach where his female sea lions rest
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territorial behavior
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ivan Pavlov was credited with being the first biologist who demonstrated _______conditioning on dogs
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classical
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Owls sleep during the day and are awake at night because they have more than one : rods or cones
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cones
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For trial and error learning to take place, an animal recieves a ________ for a specific response
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reward
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an example of _____ would be when young ducklings follow their mother
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imprinting
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give three examples of how animal communication can occur:
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language, signaling, pheremones
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a famous pianist can play a melody after hearing someone hum a few bars, this is _________ behavior
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cognitive
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the ability of salmon to recognize their home stream at spawning time is an example of ________
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imprinting
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sleep cycles are called ________________
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circadian rythym
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______________ is a behavior that is usually influenced by changing seasons
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migratory behavior
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hunting in a pack is a type of social behavior. List 2 moreL
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courting behavior, and agnostic behavior
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the resources in a _______ can include food, nesting sites, and potential mates
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territory
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the _______ of a society exhibit a type of social behaviors
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members
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trial and error
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the process of experimenting with various methods of doing something until one finds the most successful result
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motivation
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the reason one has for acting
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insight
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a complex set of innate behaviors
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communication
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allows animals to exchange information with eachother
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language
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auditory communication
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pheremone
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chemical communication
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habituation
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decrease in an animals response after being exposed
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the _______ is a type of muscle that makes up the heart
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cardiac muscle
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an involuntary muscle _________ under unconscious control
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contracts
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the smooth muscle is found in _________ organs
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internal
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the first reaction of the body to a cut is to restore these tiny blood vessels
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capalaries
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third degree burns involve the death of the ______and _______ cells and layers
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dermis and epidermis
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by age 20 a person's ____ stop growing because hormones cause the growth centers at the ends of the ____ to degenerate
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bones, bones
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the skin regulates the temperature of the body on a hot day by dilating __________
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cappalaries
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the _______ is a type of connective tissue that keeps bones from rubbing together
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cartilage
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what is the joint in the skull region ______
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sutures
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myofibril is the smaller fiber in a _______ fiber
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muscle
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the process of bones maturing is called __________
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ossification
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myosin is the major ______ making up the thin filaments of ___________
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protein, myofibrils
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what is the type of joint that allows the widest range of movement?
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ball and socket
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_______________ protects the spinal cord
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vertebral column
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the process that uses oxygen to breakdown glucose into ATPs is _________ respiration
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cellular
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the smallest filtering unit of the kidney is the ______
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nephron
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this type of blood can be given to anyone
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O-
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microscopic blood vessels are called ________
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cappalaries
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______are produced by the body to attack antigens
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antibodies
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if your lungs could be laid out to show surface area, it would be the size of a ______ ______
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tennis court
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plasma makes up about _____% of your blood
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50
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name 3 things carried by the plasma
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vitamins, minerals, and digested food
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TF: your heart cannot replace lost cells
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true
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bones get longer at the ____
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end
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actin and myosin join to form this type of muscle fiber:
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myofibril
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actin is the major protein making up the thin filaments of _____
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sarcomere
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the neck is a _______ joint
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pivot
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in a sarcomere, which fibers slide when an electrical impulse stimulates them, actin or myosin
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actin
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list the 4 parts of the axial skeleton:
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skull, ribs, vertebral columns, and sternum
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what 3 things are produced in the red blood marrow
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red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
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lifting heavy weights causes this muscle fiber to get thicker:
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fast-twitch
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the outer covering of the bone with nerves and blood vessels is called the ___________
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periostem
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Haversian canals run through _________bone
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compact
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the surface arterioles _______ to allow more blood to cool off
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dialate
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name one vitamin that can be made in the large intestine
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Vitamin K
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when you wave goodbye you use a _______ joint
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gliding
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what type of muscle needs the most mitochondria?
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slow twitch
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where does blood travel from the aorta?
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arteris
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when your diaphragm contracts your chest cavity becomes: expanded or smaller
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expanded
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what is considered to be normal blood pressure
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120/80
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List 2 things the kidneys do
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filters waste, maintains pH
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the _____ is the tube leading from the kidney to the bladder
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uterur
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where in the heart is the pacemaker found?
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right atrium
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what two type of blood cells lack a nucleus
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red blood cells and platelets
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what 3 systems are involved in breathing
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muscular, respitory, and nervous
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what helps veins get blood back to the heart, close to stop blood flow
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valves
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what causes antibodies to form
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antigens
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how many bones are in your body?
|
206
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the largest veins in your body are called ___________
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Vena Cava
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what is the red iron pigment that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen
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hemoglobin
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systolic blood pressure occurs when ______ contract
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the heart
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which part of the brain controls conscious activities, memory, language, and the senses?
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cerebrum
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The _________ is the area of the brain that controls involuntary activities such as breathing and heart rate
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medula oblongata
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the shape of the diaphragm when it is in the exhaling position is a _____ shape
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dome
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Name 3 processes of breathing:
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warm air, remove dirt, and release oxygen
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|
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trachea
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tube that carries air from larynx to bronchi
|
|
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alveoli
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thin walled airsacs surrounded by cappalaries in the lung
|
|
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hemoglobin
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protein that carries oxygen to bodies cells in red blood cells
|
|
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antigen
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a substance foreign to the body causes immune responses
|
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artery
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elastic, thick-walled blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
|
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atrium
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heart chamber that recieves blood from the body
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urine
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waste product
|
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nephron
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filtering unit of the kidney
|
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what order of mammals is capable of cognitive learning
|
primates
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what special adaption do birds have in their lungs
|
air sacs
|
|
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in 2009 what is the leading cause of death in the US
|
heart disease
|
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what is the living bone cell called that is produced by an osteoblast?
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osteocyte
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the bone recycling cells which break down old and worn out bones are called _______
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osteoclast
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the formation of new bone cells by osteoblasts is called:
|
ossification
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marsupials originated in ___America
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North
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the nourishment of the young inside the _____ occurs through the placents
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uterus
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mammals' reproductive cycle is _____ fertilazation as opposed to amphibian's ________fertilazation
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internal, external
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Trace a drop of blood from the right atrium and back to the right atrium
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RA-->RV-->PA-->lungs-->PV-->LA-->LV-->aorta-->arteries-->arteriole-->capillaries-->cell-->capillaries-->venules-->veins-->Vena Cava-->RA
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